A baby girl in London with a previously fatal genetic disorder has been successfully treated with a personalized gene-editing therapy. Suffering from a rare immune deficiency called SCID-X1, which leaves patients vulnerable to infections, the baby received a custom-designed base editing treatment tailored to her specific genetic mutation. The treatment, delivered via a single infusion, corrected the faulty gene in her stem cells. Early results show the treatment is working, with the baby producing functional immune cells and demonstrating improved health, offering a potential cure and marking a significant milestone in personalized gene-editing medicine.
Legion Health (YC S21) is seeking founding engineers to build an AI-powered mental healthcare platform. They're aiming to create a personalized, data-driven approach to diagnosis and treatment, combining the best aspects of human therapists and AI. The ideal candidates are experienced full-stack or backend engineers proficient in Python/TypeScript and interested in tackling the mental health crisis. They offer competitive equity and the opportunity to shape the future of mental healthcare.
Several Hacker News commenters express skepticism about using AI to "fix" mental health, questioning whether it's the right tool for such complex and nuanced issues. Some worry about the potential for misdiagnosis and the ethical implications of relying on AI for mental health support. Others point out the difficulty of collecting accurate and representative data for training such AI models, particularly given the subjective nature of mental health experiences. There's also discussion around the potential for bias in these systems and the importance of human oversight. A few commenters offer alternative perspectives, suggesting AI could be useful for specific tasks like scheduling or administrative work, freeing up human clinicians to focus on patient care. The potential for misuse and the need for careful regulation are also highlighted. Several users questioned the high salary advertised given the company's early stage, while others shared personal anecdotes related to mental healthcare access and affordability.
Professor Martin Elliott, a renowned pediatric heart surgeon, revolutionized complex baby heart surgeries by adapting Formula 1 pitstop strategies. He meticulously analyzed F1 teams, focusing on their seamless coordination, communication, and speed. By implementing these principles, Elliott streamlined his surgical teams, minimizing the crucial time babies spend on bypass machines during intricate procedures, significantly improving survival rates and reducing complications. This involved choreographing roles, standardizing equipment layouts, and practicing extensively for every scenario, mirroring the meticulous preparation and efficiency seen in F1 races.
HN commenters were impressed with Professor Martin Elliott's application of F1 pitstop strategies to pediatric cardiac surgery, leading to significant improvements in surgical times and patient outcomes. Several highlighted the importance of clear communication and checklists in high-pressure environments, drawing parallels between the surgical team and an F1 pit crew. Some questioned the long-term impact on surgeon training and patient selection, expressing concern about the potential for increased pressure and narrower margins of error. Others discussed the broader applicability of these principles to other complex procedures, suggesting potential benefits in fields like trauma surgery and disaster response. One commenter pointed out the article's focus on the "human factors" aspect rather than purely technological advancements.
A new mass spectrometry method can identify bacterial and fungal pathogens in clinical samples within minutes, significantly faster than current methods which can take days. Researchers developed a technique that analyzes microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by pathogens. This "breathprint" is unique to each species and allows for rapid identification without requiring time-consuming culturing. The technology has been successfully tested on various samples including blood cultures, urine, and swabs, offering potential for quicker diagnosis and treatment of infections.
Hacker News users discussed the potential impact of rapid pathogen identification via mass spectrometry. Some expressed excitement about the speed and cost improvements compared to current methods, particularly for sepsis diagnosis and personalized antibiotic treatment. Others raised concerns, questioning the sensitivity and specificity of the method, particularly its ability to distinguish between closely related species or differentiate colonization from infection. Several commenters also questioned the study's methodology and the generalizability of its findings, particularly regarding the limited number of species tested and the potential difficulties of translating the technique to complex clinical samples like blood. Finally, some users speculated about the potential applications beyond healthcare, such as environmental monitoring and food safety.
Helpcare AI, a Y Combinator Fall 2024 company, is hiring for various roles including software engineers, machine learning engineers, product designers, and medical professionals. They're building an AI-powered platform to assist healthcare professionals in diagnosing and treating patients more effectively. They seek individuals passionate about improving healthcare with AI and offer competitive salaries and equity. Experience with large language models (LLMs), healthcare data, and fast-paced startup environments is a plus.
The Hacker News comments are sparse and primarily focus on the hiring aspect of the post, rather than the Helpcare AI product itself. One commenter questions the wisdom of advertising engineering roles with such a broad range of required experience (from junior to staff). Another expresses skepticism about the prevalence of AI/ML startups in the current YC batch and suggests the hype around AI may be influencing founders' choices. A third comment simply notes the use of a Google Form for applications, a practice generally considered less professional than dedicated application portals. Overall, the comments offer little substantive discussion of Helpcare AI's mission or technology.
A new study from MIT and Boston Children’s Hospital demonstrates that using electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor brain activity in children undergoing surgery allows anesthesiologists to significantly reduce anesthetic drug dosage without compromising patient comfort or safety. The research, involving 200 children, found that EEG-guided anesthesia resulted in a 20% reduction in sevoflurane use compared to standard practice. This reduced exposure could mitigate potential neurocognitive side effects associated with anesthetic drugs in young, developing brains. The study confirms the safety and efficacy of this personalized approach, paving the way for wider adoption of EEG monitoring during pediatric surgery.
HN commenters largely praised the study for its potential to improve pediatric anesthesia, highlighting the benefits of reducing anesthetic exposure in developing brains. Some expressed concern about the potential cost and complexity of implementing EEG monitoring, questioning its widespread accessibility. Others discussed the broader implications for personalized medicine and the potential for similar techniques to be used in adult populations. A few commenters with personal experience in anesthesia shared anecdotes about current practices and the challenges of assessing consciousness in children, underscoring the need for better tools. Some also raised questions about the long-term effects of reduced anesthetic use and the need for further research.
A British woman suffering from a severe, undiagnosed eye infection that threatened her sight was successfully treated thanks to metagenomic sequencing. Doctors were baffled by the infection, which resisted standard treatments and diagnostic tests. A metagenomic test, which analyzes all genetic material present in a sample, identified a rare bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. This allowed doctors to pinpoint the correct antibiotic, ultimately saving the woman's sight.
Several commenters on Hacker News express skepticism about the BBC article's framing, pointing out that traditional diagnostic methods were used alongside the metagenomic sequencing, and it's unclear how pivotal the latter truly was. Some question whether the infection was genuinely "unidentifiable" otherwise, suggesting the metagenomics was more confirmatory than groundbreaking. Others raise concerns about the cost and accessibility of such tests, wondering if it's truly a viable diagnostic path for most patients. A few discuss the potential future of metagenomics, with cautious optimism about its role in diagnosing and treating rare infections, while also highlighting the need for continued development and validation of these techniques. Several users shared anecdotes of similar experiences, emphasizing the difficulty of diagnosing rare infections. Finally, some commenters offered alternative theories about the infection's source, reflecting a degree of distrust in the initial diagnosis.
The future of Managed Cloud Providers (MCPs) hinges on their ability to adapt to increasing customer demand for specialized, platform-engineering-driven solutions. While the "one-size-fits-all" approach of traditional MCPs offered initial value, businesses are now seeking more tailored infrastructure optimized for their specific needs. This shift empowers smaller, niche MCPs to thrive by offering deep expertise in areas like specific cloud platforms, industries, or developer tools. Ultimately, the MCP landscape is evolving from generalized management to specialized partnerships focused on accelerating development velocity and maximizing platform efficiency.
Hacker News users discussed the potential for Master Control Programs (MCPs), referencing the Tron depiction, to become a reality with the rise of LLMs. Some expressed skepticism, arguing that true MCPs require agency and goal-seeking behavior, which LLMs currently lack. Others countered that LLMs could evolve into MCPs by developing emergent properties or through intentional design to manage complex systems. The discussion touched upon the potential dangers of such powerful systems, including unintended consequences and the difficulty of aligning their goals with human values. Several commenters highlighted the need for careful consideration of safety and ethical implications as this technology progresses. The idea of MCPs coordinating swarms of robots also generated interest, with some speculating about the potential for both positive and negative applications.
Researchers are using AI to design novel proteins that can neutralize snake venom toxins. Traditional antivenom production relies on antibodies from immunized animals, a process that is costly and can have variable effectiveness. This new approach uses machine learning to identify small, stable proteins capable of binding to and inhibiting key toxins. These AI-designed proteins could lead to the development of safer, more affordable, and more effective antivenoms, addressing a critical global health need.
HN commenters discuss the potential for AI-designed antivenoms to be a game-changer, especially for less common venoms where production is not economically viable. Some raise concerns about the cost and accessibility of these new treatments, questioning if they'll truly reach those most in need. Others are curious about the breadth of effectiveness, wondering if a single AI-designed protein could neutralize multiple toxins or even venoms from different species. The potential for faster development and personalized antivenoms is also highlighted, as is the broader applicability of this technology to other areas like cancer treatment. A few commenters express skepticism, asking for more data and peer-reviewed studies to validate the claims. Finally, there's discussion of the ethical implications of proprietary antivenom development and the potential for open-source alternatives.
Drug-resistant fungal infections are a growing global health threat, exacerbated by climate change, increased international travel, and overuse of antifungals in agriculture and medicine. These infections pose a significant risk, particularly to immunocompromised individuals, and are associated with high mortality rates. Current diagnostic tools are often slow and inaccurate, hindering timely treatment. Furthermore, the antifungal pipeline is limited, with few new drugs in development. The article stresses the urgent need for increased funding and global collaboration to improve surveillance, develop new diagnostics and treatments, and implement stewardship programs to combat this emerging crisis.
HN commenters generally agree that drug-resistant fungal infections are a serious and growing threat, exacerbated by climate change and overuse of antifungals in agriculture. Several point out the relative lack of research and development compared to bacterial infections, highlighting the difficulty in developing effective antifungals due to the similarities between fungal and human cells. Some discuss the potential of alternative treatments like phage therapy and monoclonal antibodies, while others emphasize the importance of diagnostic improvements for faster identification and treatment. A few commenters express concern about the potential for sensationalism, arguing that while the threat is real, it shouldn't be overblown. There is a general consensus on the need for increased funding and awareness surrounding this emerging health crisis.
The FDA's Cure ID mobile app allows healthcare professionals to quickly and easily report novel uses of existing drugs for rare diseases. This crowdsourced data platform aims to accelerate drug repurposing by connecting clinicians who've observed positive outcomes with researchers seeking potential treatments. The app streamlines the reporting process, allowing clinicians to submit cases directly to the FDA with minimal effort, fostering collaboration and potentially leading to faster identification of effective therapies for patients with rare conditions.
HN commenters are largely skeptical of the FDA's Cure ID app. Several express concern that it will primarily serve as a data collection tool for pharmaceutical companies, enabling them to repurpose existing drugs for new, potentially lucrative applications without investing in the original research. Some doubt the app's ability to effectively filter out placebo effects or accurately attribute positive outcomes to the reported drug, given the lack of rigorous controls. Others question the practicality and ethics of relying on clinician anecdotes, suggesting it might lead to the spread of misinformation or encourage off-label drug use without sufficient evidence. There's also cynicism about the FDA's motives, with some believing this initiative is merely a performative measure designed to appear proactive in addressing drug development challenges.
Researchers have developed a nanomedicine approach to combat invasive fungal infections, a growing threat due to rising antifungal resistance. This method utilizes RNA interference (RNAi) delivered via biodegradable nanoparticles to silence key genes in Candida albicans, a common fungal pathogen. The nanoparticles effectively target the fungus, reducing its growth and virulence both in vitro and in a mouse model of infection, while sparing beneficial bacteria. This targeted approach holds promise for developing more effective and less toxic treatments for life-threatening fungal diseases.
HN users generally express cautious optimism about the potential of RNAi nanomedicine to combat fungal infections, acknowledging the serious threat they pose, especially to immunocompromised individuals. Some highlight the importance of addressing the rising resistance to existing antifungals. Several commenters bring a more skeptical perspective, questioning the long-term safety and efficacy of this approach, citing potential off-target effects, the challenge of delivery systems, and the possibility of fungal resistance developing to RNAi therapies as well. A few also point to the need for more research and rigorous testing before widespread clinical application. One commenter notes the specific benefits of this targeted approach compared to broader-spectrum antifungals, while another mentions the broader potential of RNAi technology beyond antifungal treatments. The discussion also touches on the complex nature of fungal infections and the difficulty in treating them.
A new study reveals that even wealthy Americans experience higher death rates than their economically disadvantaged European counterparts. Researchers compared mortality rates across different income levels in the US to those in 12 European countries and found that the richest 5% of Americans had similar death rates to the poorest 5% of Europeans. This disparity persists across various causes of death, including heart disease, cancer, and drug overdoses, suggesting systemic issues within the US healthcare system and broader societal factors like access to care, inequality, and lifestyle differences are contributing to the problem. The findings highlight that socioeconomic advantages in the US don't fully offset the elevated mortality risks compared to Europe.
HN commenters discuss potential confounders not addressed in the Ars Technica article about differing death rates. Several suggest that racial disparities within the US are a significant factor, with one user pointing out the vastly different life expectancies between Black and white Americans, even within high-income brackets. Others highlight the potential impact of access to healthcare, with some arguing that even wealthy Americans may face barriers to consistent, quality care compared to Europeans. The role of lifestyle choices, such as diet and exercise, is also raised. Finally, some question the methodology of comparing wealth across different countries and economic systems, suggesting purchasing power parity (PPP) may be a more accurate metric. A few commenters also mention the US's higher rates of gun violence and car accidents as potential contributors to the mortality difference.
Kerala's remarkable socio-economic progress, despite low per capita income, stems from prioritizing social development over economic growth. Early investments in universal education, healthcare, and land redistribution, along with strong social movements and political action, fostered high literacy rates and improved health outcomes. While its economic growth lagged behind other Indian states, these social investments created a foundation for human capital development. This focus on social well-being resulted in impressive social indicators like high life expectancy and low infant mortality, effectively transforming Kerala into a "welfare state" within India, demonstrating an alternative model for development prioritizing human flourishing over purely economic metrics.
Hacker News users discuss potential contributing factors to Kerala's prosperity beyond those mentioned in the article. Several commenters emphasize the significant role of remittances from Keralites working abroad, particularly in the Gulf countries. Others highlight the historical influence of Christian missionaries in establishing educational institutions, fostering high literacy rates. Some point to the state's matrilineal inheritance system as a contributor to women's empowerment and overall societal development. The influence of communism in Kerala's politics is also discussed, with varying opinions on its impact on the state's economic progress. Finally, the relative homogeneity of Kerala's population compared to other Indian states is suggested as a factor that may have eased social development and reduced internal conflict.
AI models designed to detect diseases from medical images often perform worse for Black and female patients. This disparity stems from the datasets used to train these models, which frequently lack diverse representation and can reflect existing biases in healthcare. Consequently, the AI systems are less proficient at recognizing disease patterns in underrepresented groups, leading to missed diagnoses and potentially delayed or inadequate treatment. This highlights the urgent need for more inclusive datasets and bias mitigation strategies in medical AI development to ensure equitable healthcare for all patients.
HN commenters discuss potential causes for AI models performing worse on Black and female patients. Several suggest the root lies in biased training data, lacking diversity in both patient demographics and the types of institutions where data is collected. Some point to the potential of intersectional bias, where being both Black and female leads to even greater disparities. Others highlight the complexities of physiological differences and how they might not be adequately captured in current datasets. The importance of diverse teams developing these models is also emphasized, as is the need for rigorous testing and validation across different demographics to ensure equitable performance. A few commenters also mention the known issue of healthcare disparities and how AI could exacerbate existing inequalities if not carefully developed and deployed.
A Nature Machine Intelligence study reveals that many machine learning models used in healthcare exhibit low responsiveness to critical or rapidly deteriorating patient conditions. Researchers evaluated publicly available datasets and models predicting mortality, length of stay, and readmission risk, finding that model predictions often remained static even when faced with significant changes in patient physiology, like acute hypotensive episodes. This lack of sensitivity stems from models prioritizing readily available static features, like demographics or pre-existing conditions, over dynamic physiological data that better reflect real-time health changes. Consequently, these models may fail to provide timely alerts for critical deteriorations, hindering effective clinical intervention and potentially jeopardizing patient safety. The study emphasizes the need for developing models that incorporate and prioritize high-resolution, time-varying physiological data to improve responsiveness and clinical utility.
HN users discuss the study's limitations, questioning the choice of AUROC as the primary metric, which might obscure significant changes in individual patient risk. They suggest alternative metrics like calibration and absolute risk change would be more clinically relevant. Several commenters highlight the inherent challenges of using static models with dynamically changing patient conditions, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and model updates. The discussion also touches upon the importance of domain expertise in interpreting model outputs and the potential for human-in-the-loop systems to improve clinical decision-making. Some express skepticism towards the generalizability of the findings, given the specific datasets and models used in the study. Finally, a few comments point out the ethical considerations of deploying such models, especially concerning potential biases and the need for careful validation.
Helpcare AI, a Y Combinator Fall 2024 company, is hiring a full-stack engineer. This role involves building the core product, an AI-powered platform for customer support automation specifically for e-commerce companies. Responsibilities include designing and implementing APIs, integrating with third-party services, and working with the founding team on product strategy. The ideal candidate is proficient in Python, JavaScript/TypeScript, React, and PostgreSQL, and has experience with AWS, Docker, and Kubernetes. An interest in AI/ML and a passion for building efficient and scalable systems are also highly desired.
Several Hacker News commenters express skepticism about the Helpcare AI job posting, questioning the heavy emphasis on "hustle culture" and the extremely broad range of required skills for a full-stack engineer, suggesting the company may be understaffed and expecting one person to fill multiple roles. Some point out the vague and potentially misleading language around compensation ("above market rate") and equity. Others question the actual need for AI in the product as described, suspecting it's more of a marketing buzzword than a core technology. A few users offer practical advice to the company, suggesting they clarify the job description and be more transparent about compensation to attract better candidates. Overall, the sentiment leans towards caution for potential applicants.
The FDA issued an early alert regarding Baxter's Spectrum Infusion Pump due to potential cybersecurity vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities could allow unauthorized users to remotely access and control the pump, potentially altering medication delivery and harming patients. While Baxter has developed software updates to address these issues, the FDA recommends that healthcare providers consider the risks and explore alternative infusion systems where possible until the updates are implemented. The FDA emphasizes that there have been no reported patient adverse events related to these vulnerabilities at this time.
HN commenters express concern over the Baxter Spectrum infusion pump's reported issues, particularly focusing on the potential for critical failures leading to over- or under-infusion. Several point out the gravity of such malfunctions in healthcare settings, emphasizing the life-threatening consequences. Some discuss the challenges of medical device security and the difficulty of patching embedded systems, while others question Baxter's response and the FDA's regulatory oversight. The vulnerability allowing unauthorized remote control is highlighted as especially alarming, with comparisons made to other critical infrastructure vulnerabilities. A few commenters with healthcare experience share anecdotes reinforcing the seriousness of these pump failures, noting prior recalls and ongoing problems. Some skepticism about the accuracy of "anonymous reports" is also expressed, while others suggest that the pumps might simply be nearing their end-of-life and due for replacement.
The original poster experiences eye strain and discomfort despite having a seemingly correct eyeglass prescription. They describe feeling like their eyes are constantly working hard, even with glasses, and are curious if others have similar experiences. They've explored various avenues, including multiple eye exams and different types of lenses, but haven't found a solution. They wonder if factors beyond a standard prescription, like subtle misalignments or focusing issues, might be the cause.
Several commenters on Hacker News shared similar experiences of discomfort despite having supposedly correct prescriptions. Some suggested the issue might stem from dry eyes, recommending various eye drops and eyelid hygiene practices. Others pointed to the limitations of standard eye exams, proposing that issues like binocular vision problems, convergence insufficiency, or higher-order aberrations might be the culprit and suggesting specialized testing. A few mentioned the possibility of incorrect pupillary distance measurements on glasses, or even the need for progressive lenses despite being relatively young. Overall, the comments highlighted the potential gap between a "correct" prescription and true visual comfort, emphasizing the importance of further investigation and communication with eye care professionals.
Cenote, a Y Combinator-backed startup, launched a back-office automation platform specifically designed for medical clinics. It aims to streamline administrative tasks like prior authorizations, referrals, and eligibility checks, freeing up staff to focus on patient care. The platform integrates with existing electronic health record (EHR) systems and uses AI to automate repetitive processes, reducing manual data entry and potential errors. Cenote intends to help clinics improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance revenue cycle management.
The Hacker News comments express cautious optimism towards Cenote, praising its focus on automating back-office tasks for medical clinics, a traditionally underserved market. Several commenters point out the complexities and challenges within this space, including HIPAA compliance, intricate billing procedures, and the difficulty of integrating with existing, often outdated, systems. Some express concern about the startup's ability to navigate these hurdles, while others, particularly those with experience in the medical field, offer specific feedback and suggestions for features and integrations. There's also a discussion around the competitive landscape, with some questioning Cenote's differentiation from existing players. Overall, the sentiment is that if Cenote can successfully address these challenges, they have the potential to tap into a significant market opportunity.
Empirical Health, a YC-backed startup focused on reinventing primary care, is hiring design engineers. They're seeking engineers with a passion for healthcare and experience building user-friendly interfaces for complex systems. These engineers will play a crucial role in designing and developing the company's core product, a technology platform aiming to streamline and improve the patient and physician experience within primary care. The ideal candidate is comfortable working in a fast-paced startup environment and eager to contribute to a mission-driven company.
Hacker News users discussed the Empirical Health job posting, focusing on the disconnect between the advertised "Design Engineer" role and the seemingly pure software engineering requirements listed. Several commenters questioned the use of "design" in the title, suspecting it was simply a trendy buzzword to attract talent. Others debated the actual meaning of "Design Engineer" in different contexts, with some suggesting it implied a focus on user experience and product design while others interpreted it as a more systems-oriented role involving architecture and implementation. Some users expressed skepticism about the company's approach to healthcare, while others were more optimistic. A few commenters also discussed the compensation and benefits offered.
Microsoft has introduced Dragon Ambient eXperience (DAX) Copilot, an AI-powered assistant designed to reduce administrative burdens on healthcare professionals. It automates note-taking during patient visits, generating clinical documentation that can be reviewed and edited by the physician. DAX Copilot leverages ambient AI and large language models to create summaries, suggest diagnoses and treatments based on doctor-patient conversations, and integrate information with electronic health records. This aims to free up doctors to focus more on patient care, potentially improving both physician and patient experience.
HN commenters express skepticism and concern about Microsoft's Dragon Copilot for healthcare. Several doubt its practical utility, citing the complexity and nuance of medical interactions as difficult for AI to handle effectively. Privacy is a major concern, with commenters questioning data security and the potential for misuse. Some highlight the existing challenges of EHR integration and suggest Copilot may exacerbate these issues rather than solve them. A few express cautious optimism, hoping it could handle administrative tasks and free up doctors' time, but overall the sentiment leans toward pragmatic doubt about the touted benefits. There's also discussion of the hype cycle surrounding AI and whether this is another example of overpromising.
A new study suggests that blood drawn from patients undergoing therapeutic phlebotomy for hemochromatosis, a condition involving iron overload, is safe for transfusion to other patients. Currently, this blood is typically discarded. Researchers analyzed the blood from hemochromatosis patients and found it met all safety standards for transfusion, including normal red blood cell lifespan and comparable hemoglobin levels. This practice could increase the blood supply while simultaneously benefiting hemochromatosis patients by streamlining their treatment.
Hacker News commenters generally supported the idea of hemochromatosis patients donating blood, viewing it as a sensible solution that benefits both patients and the blood supply. Some expressed frustration with the current system where therapeutic phlebotomy blood is discarded, calling it a wasteful practice. A few commenters with personal experience with hemochromatosis shared details of their treatment and donation experiences, emphasizing the relative ease and benefits of donating. The discussion also touched on the stringent requirements and testing procedures for blood donation, with some wondering if these could be streamlined for hemochromatosis patients whose blood is already being drawn regularly. Finally, there were calls for greater awareness and education among medical professionals and the public about this potential source of blood.
A novel surgical technique, performed for the first time in Canada, uses a patient's own tooth as scaffolding to rebuild a damaged eye. The procedure, called modified osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (MOOKP), involves shaping a canine tooth and a small piece of jawbone into a support structure for an artificial lens implant. This structure is then implanted under the skin of the cheek for several months to allow it to grow new blood vessels. Finally, the tooth-bone structure, with the integrated lens, is transplanted into the eye, restoring vision for patients with severely damaged corneas where traditional corneal transplants aren't feasible. This procedure offers hope for people with limited treatment options for regaining their sight.
Hacker News users discuss the surprising case of a tooth implanted in a patient's eye to support a new lens. Several commenters express fascination with the ingenuity and adaptability of the human body, highlighting the unusual yet seemingly successful application of dental material in ophthalmology. Some question the long-term viability and potential complications of this procedure, while others ponder why a synthetic material wasn't used instead. A few users share personal anecdotes of similarly innovative medical procedures, demonstrating the resourcefulness of surgeons in unique situations. The overall sentiment is one of cautious optimism and amazement at the possibilities of medical science.
A US federal judge invalidated a key patent held by Omni MedSci related to non-invasive blood glucose monitoring. This ruling potentially clears a significant obstacle for companies like Apple, who are reportedly developing similar technology for devices like the Apple Watch. The invalidated patent covered a method of using light to measure glucose levels, a technique believed to be central to Apple's rumored efforts. This decision could accelerate the development and release of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology for consumer wearables.
Hacker News commenters discuss the implications of the patent invalidation, with some skeptical about Apple's ability to deliver a reliable non-invasive blood glucose monitor soon. Several point out that regulatory hurdles remain a significant challenge, regardless of patent issues. Others note that the invalidation doesn't automatically clear the way for Apple, as other patents and technical challenges still exist. Some express hope for the technology's potential to improve diabetes management, while others highlight the difficulties of accurate non-invasive glucose monitoring. A few commenters also discuss the specifics of the patent and the legal reasoning behind its invalidation.
Researchers used AI to identify a new antibiotic, abaucin, effective against a multidrug-resistant superbug, Acinetobacter baumannii. The AI model was trained on data about the molecular structure of over 7,500 drugs and their effectiveness against the bacteria. Within 48 hours, it identified nine potential antibiotic candidates, one of which, abaucin, proved highly effective in lab tests and successfully treated infected mice. This accomplishment, typically taking years of research, highlights the potential of AI to accelerate antibiotic discovery and combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
HN commenters are generally skeptical of the BBC article's framing. Several point out that the AI didn't "crack" the problem entirely on its own, but rather accelerated a process already guided by human researchers. They highlight the importance of the scientists' prior work in identifying abaucin and setting up the parameters for the AI's search. Some also question the novelty, noting that AI has been used in drug discovery for years and that this is an incremental improvement rather than a revolutionary breakthrough. Others discuss the challenges of antibiotic resistance, the need for new antibiotics, and the potential of AI to contribute to solutions. A few commenters also delve into the technical details of the AI model and the specific problem it addressed.
Empirical Health, a YC S23 startup building AI-powered tools for faster medical diagnoses, is hiring Design Engineers in NYC. They're looking for experienced engineers proficient in frontend development (React, Typescript) and familiar with design tools like Figma, with a passion for improving healthcare. Successful candidates will contribute to building intuitive interfaces for complex medical data, collaborating closely with clinicians and researchers to translate research into user-friendly products.
Hacker News users discussed the high salary ($200k-$250k) offered by Empirical Health for a Design Engineer, questioning its justification. Some argued the role seemed more like a traditional mechanical or manufacturing engineer focused on medical devices, not warranting the "Design Engineer" title often associated with software. Others pointed out the increasing prevalence of high salaries in the medical device field due to its demanding nature and regulatory hurdles. Several commenters debated the value of a Master's degree for the position, some suggesting experience might be more valuable, while others emphasized the importance of a strong theoretical foundation for medical device design. A few comments also mentioned the potential impact of YC funding on inflated salaries. Finally, some users highlighted the overall growth and opportunity within the medical device sector.
The New York Times opinion piece "The Legacy of Lies in Alzheimer's Research" argues that the field of Alzheimer's research has been significantly hampered by a decades-long focus on the amyloid hypothesis – the idea that amyloid plaques are the primary cause of the disease. The article points to potential data manipulation in a key 2006 Nature paper, which solidified amyloid's central role and directed billions of research dollars towards amyloid-targeting treatments, most of which have failed. This misdirection, the piece contends, has stalled exploration of other potential causes and treatments, ultimately delaying progress towards effective therapies and a cure for Alzheimer's disease. The piece calls for a thorough investigation and reassessment of the field's research priorities, emphasizing the urgent need for transparency and accountability to restore public trust and effectively address this devastating disease.
HN commenters discuss the devastating impact of the potential amyloid beta fraud on Alzheimer's research, patients, and their families. Many express anger and frustration at the wasted resources and dashed hopes. Some point out the systemic issues within scientific research, including perverse incentives to publish positive results, the "publish or perish" culture, and the difficulty of replicating complex biological experiments. Others highlight the problematic role of the media in hyping preliminary research and the need for greater skepticism. Several commenters also discuss alternative theories of Alzheimer's, including vascular and metabolic causes, and express hope for future research focusing on these areas. A few express skepticism about the fraud itself, noting the complexity of the science involved and the possibility of honest errors or differing interpretations of data.
A Parkinson's patient in the UK reports feeling "cured" after receiving an adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) device. Unlike traditional DBS which delivers constant electrical pulses, this new device monitors brain activity and adjusts stimulation accordingly in real time. Tony Howells, diagnosed 15 years ago, experienced significant improvement in his tremors and mobility after the device was implanted, allowing him to return to activities like gardening and playing golf. While researchers caution against using the word "cure," the adaptive DBS technology shows promise for personalized and more effective treatment of Parkinson's disease.
HN commenters discuss the exciting potential of adaptive DBS for Parkinson's, but also express caution. Some highlight the small sample size and early stage of the research, emphasizing the need for larger, longer-term studies. Others question the definition of "cured," pointing out that the device manages symptoms rather than addressing the underlying disease. Several commenters delve into the technical aspects of adaptive DBS, comparing it to previous open-loop systems and speculating on future improvements in battery life and personalization. A few share personal anecdotes about family members with Parkinson's, expressing hope for this technology. Finally, some raise concerns about the cost and accessibility of such advanced treatments.
The blog post "Explainer: What's R1 and Everything Else?" clarifies the confusing terminology surrounding pre-production hardware, particularly for Apple products. It explains that "R1" is a revision stage, not a specific prototype, and outlines the progression from early prototypes (EVT, DVT) to pre-production models (PVT) nearing mass production. Essentially, an R1 device could be at any stage, though it's likely further along than EVT/DVT. The post emphasizes that focusing on labels like "R1" isn't as informative as understanding the underlying development process. "Everything Else" encompasses variations within each revision, accounting for different configurations, regions, and internal testing purposes.
Hacker News users discuss Tim Kellogg's blog post explaining R1, a new startup accelerator. Several commenters express skepticism about the program's focus on "pre-product" companies, questioning how teams without a clear product vision can be effectively evaluated. Some see the model as potentially favoring founders with pre-existing networks and resources, while others are concerned about the equity split and the emphasis on "blitzscaling" before achieving product-market fit. A few commenters offer alternative perspectives, suggesting that R1 might fill a gap in the current accelerator landscape by providing early-stage support for truly innovative ideas, though these views are in the minority. There's also a discussion about the potential conflict of interest with Kellogg's role at Khosla Ventures, with some wondering if R1 is primarily a deal flow pipeline for the VC firm.
Summary of Comments ( 455 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43997636
HN commenters express cautious optimism about the personalized gene editing treatment for the baby's rare disorder. Several highlight the incredible potential of CRISPR technology while acknowledging it's still early days. Some raise ethical concerns about the cost and accessibility of such treatments, worrying about potential exacerbation of existing healthcare inequalities. Others question the long-term effects and the need for ongoing monitoring. A few commenters also discuss the regulatory landscape surrounding gene editing and the potential for future advancements in the field. Several point out the significant progress made from previous gene therapies which had serious drawbacks. There's a general sentiment of hope tempered by the need for careful consideration of the broader implications of this technology.
The Hacker News post titled "Baby is healed with first personalized gene-editing treatment," linking to a New York Times article about a baby treated for a rare genetic disorder with a custom-designed gene therapy, sparked a variety of comments.
Several commenters expressed excitement and hope about the future of personalized gene therapies. They saw this as a significant milestone, potentially paving the way for treating other genetic conditions. Some acknowledged the high cost currently associated with such treatments, but hoped that costs would decrease as technology advances and becomes more widely adopted. There's a sense of optimism about the potential to alleviate suffering and improve the lives of those with rare diseases.
A thread of discussion emerged focusing on the regulatory landscape and the speed of approval for these types of therapies. Commenters questioned the different regulatory pathways in various countries and speculated on the reasons why approval might be faster in some regions. This tied into a discussion about the balance between rigorous testing and the urgent need for treatments for life-threatening conditions. Some expressed concern about potential long-term effects and the need for continued monitoring of patients who receive these treatments.
Another commenter raised the ethical considerations surrounding gene editing, specifically germline editing (which would affect future generations). They pointed out that the current case involves somatic cell editing (affecting only the treated individual), distinguishing it from the more ethically complex germline editing.
Several commenters discussed the specific genetic disorder the baby was treated for, highlighting the devastating nature of the disease and the importance of finding effective treatments. They also discussed the science behind the gene editing technique used, showing a general understanding of the process.
Some comments focused on the financial aspects of gene therapy development, mentioning the role of venture capital and the high cost of research and development. There was discussion about the pricing of these therapies and the potential for them to become more accessible in the future.
Finally, a few commenters pointed out the emotional impact of the story, expressing empathy for the family and celebrating the positive outcome for the baby. They reflected on the broader implications of this breakthrough for medical science and the hope it offers for families facing similar challenges.