The Linux kernel's random-number generator (RNG) has undergone changes to improve its handling of non-string entropy sources. Previously, attempts to feed non-string data into the RNG's add_random_regular_quality() function could lead to unintended truncation or corruption. This was due to the function expecting a string and applying string-length calculations to potentially binary data. The patch series rectifies this by introducing a new field to explicitly specify the length of the input data, regardless of its type, ensuring that all provided entropy is correctly incorporated. This improves the reliability and security of the RNG by preventing the loss of potentially valuable entropy and ensuring the generator starts in a more robust state.
Stavros Korokithakis built a custom e-ink terminal using a Raspberry Pi Zero W, a Pimoroni Inky Impression 7.7" display, and a custom 3D-printed case. Motivated by a desire for a distraction-free writing environment and inspired by the now-defunct TRMNL project, he documented the entire process, from assembling the hardware and designing the case to setting up the software and optimizing power consumption. The result is a portable, low-power e-ink terminal ideal for focused writing and coding.
Commenters on Hacker News largely praised the project for its ambition, ingenuity, and clean design. Several expressed interest in purchasing a similar device, highlighting the desire for a distraction-free writing tool. Some offered constructive criticism, suggesting improvements like a larger screen, alternative keyboard layouts, and the ability to sync with cloud services. A few commenters delved into technical aspects, discussing the choice of e-ink display, the microcontroller used, and the potential for open-sourcing the project. The overall sentiment leaned towards admiration for the creator's dedication and the device's potential.
AMD has open-sourced their GPU virtualization driver, the Guest Interface Manager (GIM), aiming to improve the performance and security of GPU virtualization on Linux. While initially focused on data center GPUs like the Instinct MI200 series, AMD has confirmed that bringing this technology to Radeon consumer graphics cards is "in the roadmap," though no specific timeframe was given. This move towards open-source allows community contribution and wider adoption of AMD's virtualization solution, potentially leading to better integrated and more efficient virtualized GPU experiences across various platforms.
Hacker News commenters generally expressed enthusiasm for AMD open-sourcing their GPU virtualization driver (GIM), viewing it as a positive step for Linux gaming, cloud gaming, and potentially AI workloads. Some highlighted the potential for improved performance and reduced latency compared to existing solutions like SR-IOV. Others questioned the current feature completeness of GIM and its readiness for production workloads, particularly regarding gaming. A few commenters drew comparisons to AMD's open-source CPU virtualization efforts, hoping for similar success with GIM. Several expressed anticipation for Radeon support, although some remained skeptical given the complexity and resources required for such an undertaking. Finally, some discussion revolved around the licensing (GPL) and its implications for adoption by cloud providers and other companies.
Driven by a desire for more control, privacy, and the ability to tinker, the author chronicles their experience daily driving a Linux phone (specifically, a PinePhone Pro running Mobian). While acknowledging the rough edges and limitations compared to mainstream smartphones—like inconsistent mobile data, occasional app crashes, and a less polished user experience—they highlight the satisfying aspects of using a truly open-source device. These include running familiar Linux applications, having a terminal always at hand, and the ongoing development and improvement of the mobile Linux ecosystem, offering a glimpse into a potential future free from the constraints of traditional mobile operating systems.
Hacker News users discussed the practicality and motivations behind daily driving a Linux phone. Some commenters questioned the real-world benefits beyond ideological reasons, highlighting the lack of app support and the effort required for setup and maintenance as significant drawbacks. Others shared their own positive experiences, emphasizing the increased control, privacy, and potential for customization as key advantages. The potential for convergence, using the phone as a desktop replacement, was also a recurring theme, with some users expressing excitement about the possibility while others remained skeptical about its current viability. A few commenters pointed out the niche appeal of Linux phones, acknowledging that while it might not be suitable for the average user, it caters to a specific audience who prioritizes open source and tinkerability.
MinC is a compact, self-contained POSIX-compliant shell environment for Windows, distinct from Cygwin. It focuses on providing a minimal but functional core of essential Unix utilities, prioritizing speed, small size, and easy integration with native Windows programs. Unlike Cygwin, which aims for a comprehensive Unix-like layer, MinC eschews emulating a full environment, making it faster and lighter. It achieves this by leveraging existing Windows functionality where possible and relying on busybox for its core utilities. This approach makes MinC particularly suitable for tasks like scripting and automation within a Windows context, where a full-fledged Unix environment might be overkill.
Several Hacker News commenters discuss the differences between MinC and Cygwin, primarily focusing on MinC's smaller footprint and simpler approach. Some highlight MinC's benefit for embedded systems or minimal environments where a full Cygwin installation would be overkill. Others mention the licensing differences and the potential advantages of MinC's more permissive BSD license. A few commenters also express interest in the project and its potential applications, while one points out a typo in the original article. The overall sentiment leans towards appreciation for MinC's minimalist philosophy and its suitability for specific use cases.
eBPF program portability can be tricky due to differences in kernel versions and configurations. The blog post highlights how seemingly minor variations, such as a missing helper function or a change in struct layout, can cause a program that works perfectly on one kernel to fail on another. It emphasizes the importance of using the bpftool utility for introspection, allowing developers to compare kernel features and identify discrepancies that might be causing compatibility issues. Additionally, building eBPF programs against the oldest supported kernel and strategically employing the LINUX_VERSION_CODE macro can enhance portability and minimize unexpected behavior across different kernel versions.
The Hacker News comments discuss potential reasons for eBPF program incompatibility across different kernels, focusing primarily on kernel version discrepancies and configuration variations. Some commenters highlight the rapid evolution of the eBPF ecosystem, leading to frequent breaking changes between kernel releases. Others point to the importance of checking for specific kernel features and configurations (like CONFIG_BPF_JIT) that might be enabled on one system but not another, especially when using newer eBPF functionalities. The use of CO-RE (Compile Once – Run Everywhere) and its limitations are also brought up, with users encountering problems despite its intent to improve portability. Finally, some suggest practical debugging strategies, such as using bpftool to inspect program behavior and verify kernel support for required features. A few commenters mention the challenge of staying up-to-date with eBPF's rapid development, emphasizing the need for careful testing across target kernel versions.
A tiny code change in the Linux kernel could significantly reduce data center energy consumption. Researchers identified an inefficiency in how the kernel manages network requests, causing servers to wake up unnecessarily and waste power. By adjusting just 30 lines of code related to the network's power-saving mode, they achieved power savings of up to 30% in specific workloads, particularly those involving idle periods interspersed with short bursts of activity. This improvement translates to substantial potential energy savings across the vast landscape of data centers.
HN commenters are skeptical of the claimed 5-30% power savings from the Linux kernel change. Several point out that the benchmark used (SPECpower) is synthetic and doesn't reflect real-world workloads. Others argue that the power savings are likely much smaller in practice and question if the change is worth the potential performance trade-offs. Some suggest the actual savings are closer to 1%, particularly in I/O-bound workloads. There's also discussion about the complexities of power measurement and the difficulty of isolating the impact of a single kernel change. Finally, a few commenters express interest in seeing the patch applied to real-world data centers to validate the claims.
The blog post explores the renewed excitement around Linux theming, enabled by the flexibility of bootable containers like Distrobox. Previously, trying different desktop environments or themes meant significant system upheaval. Now, users can easily spin up containerized instances of various desktops (GNOME, KDE, Sway, etc.) with different themes, icons, and configurations, all without affecting their main system. This allows for experimentation and personalization without risk, making it simpler to find the ideal aesthetic and workflow. The post walks through the process of setting up themed desktop environments within Distrobox, highlighting the ease and speed with which users can switch between dramatically different desktop experiences.
Hacker News users discussed the practicality and appeal of extensively theming Linux, particularly within containers. Some found the author's pursuit of highly customized aesthetics appealing, appreciating the control and personal expression it offered. Others questioned the time investment versus the benefit, especially given the ephemeral nature of containers. The discussion also touched on the balance between aesthetics and functionality, with some arguing that excessive theming could hinder usability. A few commenters shared their own theming experiences and tools, while others expressed a preference for minimal, distraction-free environments. The idea of containers as disposable environments clashed with the effort involved in detailed theming for some, prompting discussion on whether this approach was sustainable or efficient.
LWN's review explores Joplin, an open-source note-taking application that aims to be a robust Evernote alternative. It supports a variety of features, including Markdown editing, synchronization across devices using various services (Nextcloud, Dropbox, WebDAV, etc.), end-to-end encryption, and importing from Evernote. The review highlights Joplin's strengths, such as its offline functionality, extensive features, and active development, while also pointing out some UI/UX quirks and occasional performance issues. Overall, Joplin is presented as a compelling option for users seeking a powerful, privacy-respecting, and flexible note-taking solution.
Hacker News users discuss Joplin's strengths as a note-taking application, particularly its open-source nature, end-to-end encryption, Markdown support, and cross-platform availability. Several commenters appreciate its ability to handle code snippets effectively. Some compare it favorably to other note-taking apps like Obsidian, Standard Notes, and Evernote, highlighting its speed and offline functionality as advantages. Concerns mentioned include the interface being less polished than commercial alternatives and the reliance on Electron. One commenter raises a security concern related to the use of Electron, while another suggests alternative synchronization methods for improved privacy. A few users share their positive experiences with Joplin and its extensibility.
Unikernel Linux (UKL) presents a novel approach to building unikernels by leveraging the Linux kernel as a library. Instead of requiring specialized build systems and limited library support common to other unikernel approaches, UKL allows developers to build applications using standard Linux development tools and a wide range of existing libraries. This approach compiles applications and the necessary Linux kernel components into a single, specialized bootable image, offering the benefits of unikernels – smaller size, faster boot times, and improved security – while retaining the familiarity and flexibility of Linux development. UKL demonstrates performance comparable to or exceeding existing unikernel systems and even some containerized deployments, suggesting a practical path to broader unikernel adoption.
Several commenters on Hacker News expressed skepticism about Unikernel Linux (UKL)'s practical benefits, questioning its performance advantages over existing containerization technologies and expressing concerns about the complexity introduced by its specialized build process. Some questioned the target audience, wondering if the niche use cases justified the development effort. A few commenters pointed out the potential security benefits of UKL due to its smaller attack surface. Others appreciated the technical innovation and saw its potential for specific applications like embedded systems or highly specialized microservices, though acknowledging it's not a general-purpose solution. Overall, the sentiment leaned towards cautious interest rather than outright enthusiasm.
JSLinux is a PC emulator written in JavaScript. It allows you to run a Linux distribution, or other operating systems like Windows 2000, entirely within a web browser. Fabrice Bellard, the creator, has implemented several different emulated architectures including x86, ARM, and RISC-V, showcasing the versatility of the project. The site provides several pre-built virtual machines to try, offering various Linux distributions with different desktop environments and even a minimal version of Windows 2000. It demonstrates a remarkable feat of engineering, bringing relatively complex operating systems to the web without the need for plugins or extensions.
Hacker News users discuss Fabrice Bellard's JSLinux, mostly praising its technical brilliance. Several commenters express amazement at running Linux in a browser, highlighting its use of a compiled-to-JavaScript PC emulator. Some discuss potential applications, including education and preserving older software. A few point out limitations, like performance and the inability to access local filesystems easily, and some reminisce about similar projects like v86. The conversation also touches on the legality of distributing copyrighted BIOS images within such an emulator.
Erik Dubois is ending the ArcoLinux University project due to burnout and a desire to focus on other ArcoLinux aspects, like the ArcoLinux ISO. While grateful for the community contributions and positive impact the University had, maintaining it became too demanding. He emphasizes that all the University content will remain available and free on GitHub and YouTube, allowing users to continue learning at their own pace. Dubois encourages the community to collaborate and potentially fork the project if they wish to continue its development actively. He looks forward to simplifying his workload and dedicating more time to other passions within the ArcoLinux ecosystem.
Hacker News users reacted with general understanding and support for Erik Dubois' decision to shut down the ArcoLinux University portion of his project. Several commenters praised his significant contribution to the Linux community through his extensive documentation, tutorials, and ISO releases. Some expressed disappointment at the closure but acknowledged the immense effort required to maintain such a resource. Others discussed the challenges of maintaining open-source projects and the burnout that can result, sympathizing with Dubois' situation. A few commenters inquired about the future of the existing University content, with suggestions for archiving or community-led continuation of the project. The overall sentiment reflected appreciation for Dubois' work and a recognition of the difficulties in sustaining complex, free educational resources.
The author details their method for installing and managing personal versions of software on Unix systems, emphasizing a clean, organized approach. They create a dedicated directory within their home folder (e.g., ~/software) to house all personally installed programs. Within this directory, each program gets its own subdirectory, containing the source code, build artifacts, and the compiled binaries. Critically, they manage dependencies by either statically linking them or bundling them within the program's directory. Finally, they modify their shell's PATH environment variable to prioritize these personal installations over system-wide versions, enabling easy access and preventing conflicts. This method allows for running multiple versions of the same software concurrently and simplifies upgrading or removing personally installed programs.
HN commenters largely appreciate the author's approach of compiling and managing personal software installations in their home directory, praising it as clean, organized, and a good way to avoid dependency conflicts or polluting system directories. Several suggest using tools like stow or GNU Stow for simplified management of this setup, allowing easy enabling/disabling of different software versions. Some discuss alternatives like Nix, Guix, or containers, offering more robust isolation. Others caution against potential downsides like increased compile times and the need for careful dependency management, especially for libraries. A few commenters mention difficulties encountered with specific tools or libraries in this type of personalized setup.
Fedora is implementing a change to enhance package reproducibility, aiming for a 99% success rate. This involves using "source date epochs" (SDE) which fixes build timestamps to a specific point in the past, eliminating variations caused by differing build times. While this approach simplifies reproducibility checks and reduces false positives, it won't address all issues, such as non-deterministic build processes within the software itself. The project is actively seeking community involvement in testing and reporting any remaining non-reproducible packages after the SDE switch.
Hacker News users discuss the implications of Fedora's push for reproducible builds, focusing on the practical challenges. Some express skepticism about achieving true reproducibility given the complexity of build environments and dependencies. Others highlight the security benefits, emphasizing the ability to verify package integrity and prevent malicious tampering. The discussion also touches on the potential trade-offs, like increased build times and the need for stricter control over build processes. A few commenters suggest that while perfect reproducibility might be difficult, even partial reproducibility offers significant value. There's also debate about the scope of the project, with some wondering about the inclusion of non-free firmware and the challenges of reproducing hardware-specific optimizations.
This blog post details how to improve the GPD Pocket 4's weak built-in speakers by configuring PipeWire's DSP (Digital Signal Processing). The author uses pw-cli commands to implement a simple equalizer with bass boost and gain adjustments, demonstrating how to create and load a custom configuration file. This process enhances the audio quality significantly, making the speakers more usable for casual listening. The post also explains how to automate the configuration loading at startup using a systemd service, ensuring the improved sound profile is always active.
Hacker News users generally praised the detailed instructions for improving the GPD Pocket 4's speakers. Several commenters appreciated the author's clear explanation of the PipeWire configuration process, particularly the step-by-step guide and inclusion of the configuration files. Some users shared their own audio tweaking experiences with the device, highlighting the noticeable improvement achieved through these adjustments. The effectiveness of the described method for other small laptops or devices with poor audio was also discussed, with some expressing interest in trying it on different hardware. A few commenters noted the increasing popularity and maturity of PipeWire as an audio solution.
The chroot technique in Linux changes a process's root directory, isolating it within a specified subdirectory tree. This creates a contained environment where the process can only access files and commands within that chroot "jail," enhancing security for tasks like running untrusted software, recovering broken systems, building software in controlled environments, and testing configurations. While powerful, chroot is not a foolproof security measure as sophisticated exploits can potentially break out. Proper configuration and awareness of its limitations are essential for effective utilization.
Hacker News users generally praised the article for its clear explanation of chroot, a fundamental Linux concept. Several commenters shared personal anecdotes of using chroot for various tasks like building software, recovering broken systems, and creating secure environments. Some highlighted its importance in containerization technologies like Docker. A few pointed out potential security risks if chroot isn't used carefully, especially regarding shared namespaces and capabilities. One commenter mentioned the usefulness of systemd-nspawn as a more modern and convenient alternative. Others discussed the history of chroot and its role in improving Linux security over time. The overall sentiment was positive, with many appreciating the refresher on this powerful tool.
The author argues that man pages themselves are a valuable and well-structured source of information, contrary to popular complaints. The problem, they contend, lies with the default man reader, which uses less, hindering navigation and readability. They suggest alternatives like mandoc with a pager like less -R or specialized man page viewers for a better experience. Ultimately, the author champions the efficient and comprehensive nature of man pages when presented effectively, highlighting their consistent organization and advocating for improved tooling to access them.
HN commenters largely agree with the author's premise that man pages are a valuable resource, but the tools for accessing them are often clunky. Several commenters point to the difficulty of navigating long man pages, especially on mobile devices or when searching for specific flags or options. Suggestions for improvement include better search functionality within man pages, more concise summaries at the beginning, and alternative formatting like collapsible sections. tldr and cheat are frequently mentioned as useful alternatives for quick reference. Some disagree, arguing that man pages' inherent structure, while sometimes verbose, makes them comprehensive and adaptable to different output formats. Others suggest the problem lies with discoverability, and tools like apropos should be highlighted more. A few commenters even advocate for generating man pages automatically from source code docstrings.
This blog post demystifies Nix derivations by demonstrating how to build a simple C++ "Hello, world" program from scratch, without using Nix's higher-level tools. It meticulously breaks down a derivation file, explaining the purpose of each attribute like builder, args, and env, showing how they control the build process within a sandboxed environment. The post emphasizes understanding the underlying mechanism of derivations, offering a clear path from source code to a built executable. This hands-on approach provides a foundational understanding of how Nix builds software, paving the way for more complex and practical Nix usage.
Hacker News users generally praised the article for its clear explanation of Nix derivations. Several commenters appreciated the "bottom-up" approach, finding it more intuitive than other introductions to Nix. Some pointed out the educational value in manually constructing derivations, even if it's not practical for everyday use, as it helps solidify understanding of Nix's fundamentals. A few users offered minor suggestions for improvement, such as including a section on multi-output derivations and addressing the complexities of stdenv. There was also a brief discussion comparing Nix to other build systems like Bazel.
The Linux Kernel Defence Map provides a comprehensive overview of security hardening mechanisms available within the Linux kernel. It categorizes these techniques into areas like memory management, access control, and exploit mitigation, visually mapping them to specific kernel subsystems and features. The map serves as a resource for understanding how various kernel configurations and security modules contribute to a robust and secure system, aiding in both defensive hardening and vulnerability research by illustrating the relationships between different protection layers. It aims to offer a practical guide for navigating the complex landscape of Linux kernel security.
Hacker News users generally praised the Linux Kernel Defence Map for its comprehensiveness and visual clarity. Several commenters pointed out its value for both learning and as a quick reference for experienced kernel developers. Some suggested improvements, including adding more details on specific mitigations, expanding coverage to areas like user namespaces and eBPF, and potentially creating an interactive version. A few users discussed the project's scope, questioning the inclusion of certain features and debating the effectiveness of some mitigations. There was also a short discussion comparing the map to other security resources.
The Unix Magic Poster provides a visual guide to essential Unix commands, organized by category and interconnected to illustrate their relationships. It covers file and directory manipulation, process management, text processing, networking, and system information retrieval, aiming to be a quick reference for both beginners and experienced users. The poster emphasizes practical usage by showcasing common command combinations and options, effectively demonstrating how to accomplish various tasks on a Unix-like system. Its interconnectedness highlights the composability and modularity that are central to the Unix philosophy, encouraging users to combine simple commands into powerful workflows.
Commenters on Hacker News largely praised the Unix Magic poster and its annotated version, finding it both nostalgic and informative. Several shared personal anecdotes about their early experiences with Unix and how resources like this poster were invaluable learning tools. Some pointed out specific commands or sections they found particularly useful or interesting, like the explanation of tee or the history of different shells. A few commenters offered minor corrections or suggestions for improvement, such as adding more context around certain commands or expanding on the networking section. Overall, the sentiment was overwhelmingly positive, with many expressing appreciation for the effort put into creating and annotating the poster.
Dmitry Grinberg created a remarkably minimal Linux computer using just three 8-pin chips: an ATtiny85 microcontroller, a serial configuration PROM, and a voltage regulator. The ATtiny85 emulates a RISC-V CPU, running a custom Linux kernel compiled for this simulated architecture. While performance is limited due to the ATtiny85's resources, the system is capable of interactive use, including running a shell and simple programs, demonstrating the feasibility of a functional Linux system on extremely constrained hardware. The project highlights clever memory management and peripheral emulation techniques to overcome the limitations of the hardware.
Hacker News users discussed the practicality and limitations of the 8-pin Linux computer. Several commenters questioned the usefulness of such a minimal system, pointing out its lack of persistent storage and limited I/O capabilities. Others were impressed by the technical achievement, praising the author's ingenuity in fitting Linux onto such constrained hardware. The discussion also touched on the definition of "running Linux," with some arguing that a system without persistent storage doesn't truly run an operating system. Some commenters expressed interest in potential applications like embedded systems or educational tools. The lack of networking capabilities was also noted as a significant limitation. Overall, the reaction was a mix of admiration for the technical feat and skepticism about its practical value.
The order of files within /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/ directly impacts how OpenSSH's sshd daemon interprets its configuration. The daemon reads files alphabetically, applying settings sequentially. This means later files can override earlier ones, leading to unexpected behavior if not carefully managed. A common example is setting PasswordAuthentication no in a later file, negating an earlier file's Match block intended to allow password logins for specific users or groups. Therefore, understanding and controlling file order in this directory is crucial for predictable and reliable SSH configuration.
Hacker News users discuss the implications of sshd_config.d file ordering, mostly agreeing it's a surprising but important detail. Several commenters highlight the potential for misconfigurations and debugging difficulties due to this behavior. One user shares a personal anecdote of troubleshooting an issue caused by this very problem, emphasizing the practical impact. Others point out the lack of clear documentation on this behavior in the man pages, suggesting it's a common pitfall. The discussion also touches upon alternative configuration approaches, like using a single file or employing tools like Puppet or Ansible to manage configurations more predictably. Some users express surprise that later files override earlier ones, contrary to their expectations. The overall sentiment reinforces the importance of awareness and careful management of sshd configuration files.
InitWare is a portable init system inspired by systemd, designed to function across multiple operating systems, including Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. It aims to provide a familiar systemd-like experience and API on these platforms while remaining lightweight and configurable. The project utilizes a combination of C and POSIX sh for portability and reimplements core systemd functionalities like service management, device management, and login management. InitWare seeks to offer a viable alternative to traditional init systems on BSDs and a more streamlined and potentially faster option compared to full systemd on Linux.
Hacker News users discussed InitWare, a portable systemd fork, with a mix of skepticism and curiosity. Some questioned the value proposition, given the maturity and ubiquity of systemd, wondering if the project addressed a real need or was a solution in search of a problem. Others expressed concerns about maintaining compatibility across different operating systems and the potential for fragmentation. However, some commenters were intrigued by the possibility of a more lightweight and portable init system, particularly for embedded systems or specialized use cases where systemd might be overkill. Several users also inquired about specific technical details, like the handling of cgroups and service management, demonstrating a genuine interest in the project's approach. The overall sentiment leaned towards cautious observation, with many waiting to see if InitWare could carve out a niche or offer tangible benefits over existing solutions.
Pico.sh offers developers instant, SSH-accessible Linux containers, pre-configured with popular development tools and languages. These containers act as personal servers, allowing developers to run web apps, databases, and background tasks without complex server management. Pico emphasizes simplicity and speed, providing a web-based terminal for direct access, custom domains, and built-in tools like Git, Docker, and various programming language runtimes. They aim to streamline the development workflow by eliminating the need for local setup and providing a consistent environment accessible from anywhere.
HN commenters generally expressed interest in Pico.sh, praising its simplicity and potential for streamlining development workflows. Several users appreciated the focus on SSH, viewing it as a secure and familiar access method. Some questioned the pricing model's long-term viability and compared it to similar services like Fly.io and Railway. The reliance on Tailscale for networking was both lauded for its ease of use and questioned for its potential limitations. A few commenters expressed concern about vendor lock-in, while others saw the open-source nature of the platform as mitigating that risk. The project's early stage was acknowledged, with some anticipating future features and improvements.
KOReader is a free and open-source document viewer focused on e-ink devices like Kobo, Kindle, PocketBook, and Android. It emphasizes comfortable reading, offering features like customizable fonts, margins, and line spacing, along with extensive dictionary integration, footnote support, and various text-to-speech options. KOReader supports a wide range of document formats, including PDF, EPUB, MOBI, DjVu, CBZ, and CBR. The project aims to provide a flexible and feature-rich reading experience tailored to the unique demands of e-ink displays.
HN users praise KOReader for its customizability, speed, and support for a wide range of document formats. Several commenters highlight its excellent PDF handling, especially for scientific papers and technical documents, contrasting it favorably with other readers. Some appreciate its minimalist UI and focus on reading, while others discuss advanced features like dictionaries and syncing. The ability to run on older and less powerful hardware is also mentioned as a plus. A few users mention minor issues or desired features, like improved EPUB reflow, but overall the sentiment is very positive, with many long-time users chiming in to recommend it. One commenter notes its particular usefulness for reading academic papers and textbooks, praising its ability to handle complex layouts and annotations.
This book, "Introduction to System Programming in Linux," offers a practical, project-based approach to learning low-level Linux programming. It covers essential concepts like process management, memory allocation, inter-process communication (using pipes, message queues, and shared memory), file I/O, and multithreading. The book emphasizes hands-on learning through coding examples and projects, guiding readers in building their own mini-shell, a multithreaded web server, and a key-value store. It aims to provide a solid foundation for developing system software, embedded systems, and performance-sensitive applications on Linux.
Hacker News users discuss the value of the "Introduction to System Programming in Linux" book, particularly for beginners. Some commenters highlight the importance of Kay Robbins and Dave Robbins' previous work, expressing excitement for this new release. Others debate the book's relevance given the wealth of free online resources, although some counter that a well-structured book can be more valuable than scattered web tutorials. Several commenters express interest in seeing more practical examples and projects within the book, particularly those focusing on modern systems and real-world applications. Finally, there's a brief discussion about alternative learning resources, including the Linux Programming Interface and Beej's Guide.
The blog post details the author's process of switching from Linux (Pop!_OS, specifically) to Windows 11. Driven by the desire for a better gaming experience and smoother integration with their workflow involving tools like Adobe Creative Suite and DaVinci Resolve, they opted for a clean Windows installation. The author outlines the steps they took, including backing up essential Linux files, creating a Windows installer USB drive, and installing Windows. They also touch on post-installation tasks like driver installation and setting up their development environment with WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) to retain access to Linux tools. Ultimately, the post documents a pragmatic approach to switching operating systems, prioritizing software compatibility and performance for the author's specific needs.
Several commenters on Hacker News express skepticism about the blog post's claim of seamlessly switching from Linux to Windows. Some point out that the author's use case (primarily gaming and web browsing) doesn't necessitate Linux's advantages, making the switch less surprising. Others question the long-term viability of relying on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) for development, citing potential performance issues and compatibility problems. A few commenters share their own experiences switching between operating systems, with some echoing the author's sentiments and others detailing difficulties they encountered. The overall sentiment leans toward cautious curiosity about WSL's capabilities while remaining unconvinced it's a complete replacement for a native Linux environment for serious development work. Several users suggest the author might switch back to Linux in the future as their needs change.
The blog post "Problems with the Heap" discusses the inherent challenges of using the heap for dynamic memory allocation, especially in performance-sensitive applications. The author argues that heap allocations are slow and unpredictable, leading to variable response times and making performance tuning difficult. This unpredictability stems from factors like fragmentation, where free memory becomes scattered in small, unusable chunks, and the overhead of managing the heap itself. The author advocates for minimizing heap usage by exploring alternatives such as stack allocation, custom allocators, and memory pools. They also suggest profiling and benchmarking to pinpoint heap-related bottlenecks and emphasize the importance of understanding the implications of dynamic memory allocation for performance.
The Hacker News comments discuss the author's use of atop and offer alternative tools and approaches for system monitoring. Several commenters suggest using perf for more granular performance analysis, particularly for identifying specific functions consuming CPU resources. Others mention tools like bcc/BPF and bpftrace as powerful options. Some question the author's methodology and interpretation of atop's output, particularly regarding the focus on the heap. A few users point out potential issues with Java garbage collection and memory management as possible culprits, while others emphasize the importance of profiling to pinpoint the root cause of performance problems. The overall sentiment is that while atop can be useful, more specialized tools are often necessary for effective performance debugging.
Debian's "bookworm" release now offers officially reproducible live images. This means that rebuilding the images from source code will result in bit-for-bit identical outputs, verifying the integrity and build process. This achievement, a first for official Debian live images, was accomplished by addressing various sources of non-determinism within the build system, including timestamps, random numbers, and build paths. This increased transparency and trustworthiness strengthens Debian's security posture.
Hacker News commenters generally expressed approval of Debian's move toward reproducible builds, viewing it as a significant step for security and trust. Some highlighted the practical benefits, like easier verification of image integrity and detection of malicious tampering. Others discussed the technical challenges involved in achieving reproducibility, particularly with factors like timestamps and build environments. A few commenters also touched upon the broader implications for software supply chain security and the potential influence on other distributions. One compelling comment pointed out the difference between "bit-for-bit" reproducibility and the more nuanced "content-addressed" approach Debian is using, clarifying that some variation in non-functional aspects is still acceptable. Another insightful comment mentioned the value of this for embedded systems, where knowing exactly what's running is crucial.
Linux kernel 6.14 delivers significant performance improvements and enhanced Windows compatibility. Key advancements include faster initial setup times, optimized memory management reducing overhead, and improvements to the EXT4 filesystem, boosting I/O performance for everyday tasks. Better support for running Windows games through Proton and Steam Play, stemming from enhanced Direct3 12 support, and improved performance with Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL2) make gaming and cross-platform development smoother. Initial benchmarks show impressive results, particularly for AMD systems. This release signals a notable step forward for Linux in both performance and its ability to seamlessly integrate with Windows environments.
Hacker News commenters generally express skepticism towards ZDNet's claim of a "big leap forward." Several point out that the article lacks specific benchmarks or evidence to support the performance improvement claims, especially regarding gaming. Some suggest the improvements, while present, are likely incremental and specific to certain hardware or workloads, not a universal boost. Others discuss the ongoing development of mainline Windows drivers for Linux, particularly for newer hardware, and the complexities surrounding secure boot. A few commenters mention specific improvements they appreciate, such as the inclusion of the "rusty-rng" random number generator and enhancements for RISC-V architecture. The overall sentiment is one of cautious optimism tempered by a desire for more concrete data.
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https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43790855
HN commenters discuss the implications of PEP 703, which proposes making the CPython interpreter's GIL per-interpreter, not per-process. Several express excitement about the potential performance improvements, especially for multi-threaded applications. Some raise concerns about the potential for breakage in existing C extensions and the complexities of debugging in a per-interpreter GIL world. Others discuss the trade-offs between the proposed "nogil" build and the standard GIL build, wondering about potential performance regressions in single-threaded applications. A few commenters also highlight the extensive testing and careful consideration that has gone into this proposal, expressing confidence in the core developers. The overall sentiment seems to be positive, with anticipation for the performance gains outweighing concerns about compatibility.
The Hacker News post "Some nonstring Turbulence" discussing an LWN article about potential issues stemming from non-NUL-terminated strings in the Linux kernel generated a moderate amount of discussion with 19 comments.
Several commenters focused on the historical context and rationale behind the use of NUL-terminated strings (C-strings) and the complexities introduced by alternatives. One commenter pointed out the inherent trade-offs between different string representations. C-strings, while simple, can lead to buffer overflows if not handled carefully. Pascal-style strings, which store the length upfront, avoid this but require extra memory overhead. The commenter also mentioned length-prefixed strings used in protocols, highlighting the diversity and context-dependent nature of string handling.
Another commenter delved into the specifics of the proposed "flexible string" type in the kernel, expressing skepticism about its benefits and questioning the added complexity. They argued that a flexible string type might not solve the purported problems and could even introduce new ones. They also touched on the challenges of converting existing kernel code to a new string type and the potential performance impact.
One commenter suggested that addressing the core issues leading to vulnerabilities, such as integer overflows and off-by-one errors, might be a more effective approach than introducing a new string type. They emphasized the importance of careful programming practices and robust error handling.
The performance implications of different string types were also discussed. One commenter highlighted that frequently recalculating string length could be detrimental to performance, particularly in performance-sensitive kernel code. They contrasted this with the constant-time length access of Pascal-style strings.
A few commenters shared anecdotal experiences dealing with string handling in different programming languages and systems, further illustrating the nuances and trade-offs involved. One mentioned the use of "flexible arrays" in C99 structures as a way to handle variable-length data.
A thread emerged discussing the use of
strncpyand its potential pitfalls. One commenter warned against usingstrncpyblindly, as it doesn't guarantee NUL termination and can lead to subtle bugs. They recommended careful usage and awareness of its limitations. Another commenter suggested using the OpenBSD variant ofstrlcpyas a safer alternative.Finally, one commenter questioned the overall significance of the proposed changes in the kernel and whether the benefits outweighed the potential downsides. They highlighted the existing complexity of the kernel and the importance of careful consideration before introducing new abstractions.