Scientists have discovered that the protein interleukin-17 (IL-17), crucial for fighting infections, also acts on the brain, specifically neurons in the hypothalamus, to induce anxiety-like behavior. While IL-17's role in immune response was known, this research reveals a new function in modulating brain activity and behavior. Experiments in mice showed that blocking IL-17 signaling reduced anxiety, while increasing its levels led to increased anxious behaviors. This finding suggests a potential link between infection, immune response, and mental health, opening avenues for exploring IL-17 as a target for anxiety treatments.
Growing evidence suggests a link between viral infections, particularly herpesviruses like HSV-1 and VZV (chickenpox), and Alzheimer's disease. While not definitively proving causation, studies indicate these viruses may contribute to Alzheimer's development by triggering inflammation and amyloid plaque buildup in the brain. This is further supported by research showing antiviral medications can reduce the risk of dementia in individuals infected with these viruses. The exact mechanisms by which viruses might influence Alzheimer's remain under investigation, but the accumulating evidence warrants further research into antiviral therapies as a potential preventative or treatment strategy.
Hacker News users discuss the Economist article linking viruses, particularly herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), to Alzheimer's. Some express skepticism, pointing to the complexity of Alzheimer's and the need for more robust evidence beyond correlation. Others highlight the potential implications for treatment if a viral link is confirmed, mentioning antiviral medications and vaccines as possibilities. Several commenters bring up the known connection between chickenpox (varicella zoster virus) and shingles, emphasizing that viral reactivation later in life is a recognized phenomenon, lending some plausibility to the HSV-1 hypothesis. A few also caution against over-interpreting observational studies and the need for randomized controlled trials to demonstrate causality. There's a general tone of cautious optimism about the research, tempered by the understanding that Alzheimer's is likely multifactorial.
In 1984, Australian physician Barry Marshall, skeptical of the prevailing belief that stress and spicy food caused stomach ulcers, ingested a broth teeming with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. He subsequently developed gastritis, a precursor to ulcers, proving a bacterial link. While not immediately accepted, Marshall's self-experimentation, along with further research, revolutionized ulcer treatment, shifting from antacids to antibiotics, and eventually earned him a Nobel Prize.
Hacker News commenters on the Discover Magazine article about Barry Marshall's self-experimentation with H. pylori largely praised his dedication and the impact of his discovery. Several highlighted the resistance he faced from the established medical community, which long believed ulcers were caused by stress. Some pointed out the inherent risks and ethical questions surrounding self-experimentation, while others mentioned similar historical examples of scientists using themselves as test subjects. A few commenters discussed the prevalence of H. pylori infections, particularly in developing countries, and the relative ease of treatment with antibiotics today. One commenter offered a personal anecdote about successfully treating their own ulcer with mastic gum after antibiotics failed.
Summary of Comments ( 12 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43682686
HN commenters discuss the implications of IL-17's dual role in fighting infection and inducing anxiety. Some express concern about the potential for increased anxiety as a side effect of boosting the immune system, while others highlight the evolutionary advantage of anxiety in promoting survival during illness. The complexity of the immune system and its interaction with the brain is emphasized, with some suggesting that targeting specific pathways rather than broad immune modulation might be a better approach for future therapies. A few commenters also mention personal experiences with anxiety and illness, adding a personal dimension to the scientific discussion. Finally, there's discussion of the role of inflammation in mental health and the potential for anti-inflammatory diets or interventions to mitigate anxiety related to IL-17.
The Hacker News post titled "Scientists: Protein IL-17 fights infection, acts on the brain, inducing anxiety" generated several comments discussing the study's findings and implications.
Some users highlighted the complexity of the immune system and the interconnectedness of physical and mental health. One commenter pointed out the dual nature of IL-17, noting its role in fighting infection while also potentially contributing to anxiety. They emphasized the delicate balance the body maintains and the potential downsides of manipulating such systems. Another user discussed the known link between inflammation and mental health, suggesting this study provides further evidence for this connection.
Other comments delved into the specifics of the research, questioning the methodology and interpretation of the results. One commenter inquired about the study's sample size and the potential for confounding factors. Another user, seemingly with expertise in the field, offered a detailed critique of the experimental design, raising concerns about the generalizability of the findings to humans. They questioned whether the observed anxiety-like behavior in mice truly translates to human anxiety.
A few commenters shared personal anecdotes about their experiences with anxiety and inflammation, suggesting possible correlations with their own health. While anecdotal, these comments contributed to a broader discussion about the lived experience of these conditions.
The discussion also touched upon the potential therapeutic implications of the research. One commenter wondered about the possibility of targeting IL-17 to treat anxiety disorders, while others cautioned against prematurely drawing conclusions and emphasized the need for further research. They highlighted the potential for unintended consequences when manipulating complex biological systems.
Overall, the comments on Hacker News reflect a mix of curiosity, skepticism, and cautious optimism about the study's findings. They demonstrate an understanding of the complex relationship between the immune system, the brain, and behavior, and highlight the need for further investigation to fully understand the role of IL-17 in anxiety and other mental health conditions.