Akdeb open-sourced ElatoAI, their AI toy company project. It uses ESP32 microcontrollers to create small, interactive toys that leverage OpenAI's realtime API for natural language processing. The project includes schematics, code, and 3D-printable designs, enabling others to build their own AI-powered toys. The goal is to provide an accessible platform for experimentation and creativity in the realm of AI-driven interactive experiences, specifically targeting a younger audience with simple and engaging toy designs.
The blog post explores optimizing font rendering on SSD1306 OLED displays, common in microcontrollers. It delves into the inner workings of these displays, specifically addressing the limitations of their framebuffer and command structure. The author analyzes various font rendering techniques, highlighting the trade-offs between memory usage, CPU cycles, and visual quality. Ultimately, the post advocates for generating font glyphs directly on the display using horizontal byte-aligned drawing commands, a method that minimizes RAM usage while still providing acceptable performance and rendering quality for embedded systems. This technique exploits the SSD1306's hardware acceleration for horizontal lines, making it more efficient than traditional pixel-by-pixel rendering or storing full font bitmaps.
HN users discuss various aspects of using SSD1306 displays. Several commenters appreciate the deep dive into font rendering and the clear explanations, particularly regarding gamma correction and its impact. Some discuss alternative rendering methods, like using pre-rendered glyphs or leveraging the microcontroller's capabilities for faster performance. Others offer practical advice, suggesting libraries like u8g2 and sharing tips for memory optimization. The challenges of limited RAM and slow I2C communication are also acknowledged, along with potential solutions like using SPI. A few users mention alternative display technologies like e-paper or Sharp Memory LCDs for different use cases.
Dmitry Grinberg created a remarkably minimal Linux computer using just three 8-pin chips: an ATtiny85 microcontroller, a serial configuration PROM, and a voltage regulator. The ATtiny85 emulates a RISC-V CPU, running a custom Linux kernel compiled for this simulated architecture. While performance is limited due to the ATtiny85's resources, the system is capable of interactive use, including running a shell and simple programs, demonstrating the feasibility of a functional Linux system on extremely constrained hardware. The project highlights clever memory management and peripheral emulation techniques to overcome the limitations of the hardware.
Hacker News users discussed the practicality and limitations of the 8-pin Linux computer. Several commenters questioned the usefulness of such a minimal system, pointing out its lack of persistent storage and limited I/O capabilities. Others were impressed by the technical achievement, praising the author's ingenuity in fitting Linux onto such constrained hardware. The discussion also touched on the definition of "running Linux," with some arguing that a system without persistent storage doesn't truly run an operating system. Some commenters expressed interest in potential applications like embedded systems or educational tools. The lack of networking capabilities was also noted as a significant limitation. Overall, the reaction was a mix of admiration for the technical feat and skepticism about its practical value.
This project showcases a DIY physical Pomodoro timer built using an ESP32 microcontroller and an e-paper display. The device allows users to easily start, pause, and reset their focused work intervals and breaks. The e-paper screen clearly displays the remaining time and the current Pomodoro state (work or break). The code, available on GitHub, is designed to be customizable, allowing users to adjust the durations of work and break periods. The use of an e-paper screen makes it low-power and easily readable in various lighting conditions.
HN users generally praised the project's clean design and execution. Several commenters appreciated the minimalist aesthetic and focus on a single function, contrasting it favorably with more complex, app-based timers. Some suggested improvements like adding a physical button for starting/stopping or integrating features like task tracking. The choice of e-paper display was also well-received for its low power consumption and clear readability. A few users expressed interest in purchasing a pre-built version, while others were inspired to create their own versions based on the open-source design. Some discussion revolved around the value of physical versus digital timers, with proponents of physical timers citing the benefits of tactile feedback and reduced distractions.
The Raspberry Pi RP2040 microcontroller is now available as a standalone chip, the RP2350, allowing manufacturers to integrate it into their own designs. This dual-core Cortex-M0+ processor with 264KB of SRAM is offered in two package variants: a QFN-56 and a future LGA package with stacked external flash memory. The QFN-56 is available for immediate purchase, offering a cost-effective solution for diverse embedded applications. The stacked memory variant promises simplified design and reduced board space, though pricing and availability for that package are yet to be announced.
Hacker News users generally expressed excitement about the RP2350's availability and potential, particularly its low cost and the possibilities opened by the stacked memory variant. Several commenters discussed the chip's suitability for specific applications, including robotics, industrial control, and amateur radio. Some expressed skepticism about the real-world performance impact of the stacked memory, wanting to see benchmarks. Others debated the merits of the RP2350 compared to other microcontrollers like the ESP32, highlighting trade-offs in processing power, memory, and peripheral options. A few users also mentioned challenges they've faced with Raspberry Pi availability in the past, hoping this release would be smoother.
Wokwi now offers a web-based simulator for developing and debugging embedded Rust programs. This online tool allows users to write, build, and run Rust code targeted for various microcontrollers, including the AVR ATmega328P (like the Arduino Uno) and RP2040 (Raspberry Pi Pico), directly in the browser. The simulator features peripherals like LEDs, buttons, serial output, and an integrated logic analyzer, enabling interactive hardware simulation without requiring physical hardware. Code can be compiled and flashed to the virtual microcontroller, and the simulator provides a debugging environment for stepping through code and inspecting variables. This simplifies the embedded Rust development process, making it more accessible for learning and experimentation.
HN commenters generally expressed enthusiasm for Wokwi's online embedded Rust simulator. Several praised its ease of use and accessibility, noting it lowers the barrier to entry for embedded development. Some highlighted the educational benefits, particularly for those new to Rust or embedded systems. A few pointed out the limitations of simulation compared to real hardware, but acknowledged the simulator's value for initial development and testing. The discussion also touched on potential improvements, including support for more microcontrollers and peripherals, as well as integration with other tools. Some users shared their positive experiences using Wokwi for specific projects, further reinforcing its practical usefulness.
This project introduces an open-source, fully functional Wi-Fi MAC layer implementation for the ESP32 microcontroller. It aims to provide a flexible and customizable alternative to the ESP32's closed-source MAC, enabling experimentation and research in areas like custom protocols, coexistence mechanisms, and dynamic spectrum access. The project leverages the ESP32's existing RF capabilities and integrates with its lower-level hardware, providing a complete solution for building and deploying custom Wi-Fi systems. The open nature of the project encourages community contributions and allows for tailoring the MAC layer to specific application requirements beyond the capabilities of the standard ESP32 SDK.
Hacker News commenters generally expressed excitement and interest in the open-source ESP32 Wi-Fi MAC layer project. Several praised the author's deep dive into the complexities of Wi-Fi and the effort involved in reverse-engineering undocumented features. Some questioned the project's practicality and licensing implications, particularly regarding regulatory compliance and potential conflicts with existing Wi-Fi stacks. Others discussed the potential benefits, including educational value, enabling custom protocols, and improving performance in specific niche applications like mesh networking. A few commenters also offered suggestions for future development, such as exploring FPGA implementations or integrating with existing open-source projects like Zephyr.
This blog post details how to create a simple WAV file audio player using a Raspberry Pi Pico and a VS1053B audio decoder chip. The author outlines the hardware connections, provides the necessary MicroPython code, and explains the process of converting WAV files to a suitable format for the VS1053B using a provided Python script. The code initializes the SPI bus, sets up communication with the VS1053B, and then reads and sends the WAV file data to the decoder for playback. The project offers a straightforward method for adding audio capabilities to Pico projects.
Hacker News users discussed the practicality and limitations of the Raspberry Pi Pico as an audio player. Several commenters pointed out the Pico's limited storage, suggesting SD card solutions or alternative microcontrollers like the ESP32 with built-in flash. Others questioned the need for code to handle WAV file parsing, advocating for simpler PCM data streaming. Some users expressed interest in using the project for specific applications like playing short notification sounds or chiptune music. The discussion also touched upon the Pico's suitability for audio synthesis and the potential of the RP2040 chip.
GitSyncPad is a small, programmable keypad designed to streamline common Git actions. By pressing dedicated keys, users can perform tasks like adding files, committing changes, pushing to remote repositories, and pulling updates, eliminating the need for typing commands in the terminal. It's customizable, allowing users to configure key mappings for their specific workflows and integrate with various Git providers like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket. The device connects via USB and aims to increase efficiency for developers who frequently interact with Git.
HN commenters generally express skepticism about the GitSyncPad's practicality. Some question the value proposition of a dedicated physical device for common Git commands, arguing that keyboard shortcuts and shell scripts are faster and more flexible. Concerns are raised about context switching and the limited functionality offered compared to a full terminal. A few express mild interest, particularly for educational or accessibility purposes, but overall the response is lukewarm, with many suggesting that the project seems like a solution in search of a problem. One commenter points out a similar existing project called Git remote.
The author describes creating a DNS sinkhole using an ESP32 microcontroller to combat doomscrolling. By intercepting DNS requests on their local network and redirecting specific domains (like social media sites) to a local web server, they effectively block access to these sites. The ESP32 runs a custom DNS server that returns a pre-defined IP address for targeted domains, leading devices to a blank webpage hosted on the ESP32 itself. This allows the author to curtail time spent on distracting websites without relying on browser extensions or more complex network configurations.
Hacker News users generally praised the project's simplicity and effectiveness for blocking distracting websites. Several commenters suggested improvements, such as using a pre-built DNS sinkhole list or implementing a local DNS server for better performance. Some discussed the ethics and potential downsides of blocking websites, particularly for families or in situations where access is necessary. Others offered alternative solutions, like using Pi-hole or modifying the hosts file. A few pointed out potential issues with the ESP32's limited resources and the importance of using a reliable power supply. The overall sentiment was positive, viewing the project as a clever, albeit somewhat limited, solution to a common problem.
This post details how to access the Qualcomm Quectel BG96 modem embedded within the RAK5010 WisBlock Core module via USB. The BG96 exposes multiple serial ports over USB, but only one is typically configured for user interaction. The post explains how to use minicom to interact with the modem on its default port and outlines the process of switching to other ports, specifically the diagnostic port, using AT commands. This access allows for deeper interaction with the modem, enabling activities like firmware updates and more granular control, which are not possible through the default port. The author emphasizes the importance of switching back to the default port after completing tasks on the diagnostic port to restore normal functionality.
Several commenters on Hacker News discussed practical aspects of using the RAK5010 and similar devices. Some questioned the practicality of USB tethering for IoT applications, citing power consumption concerns and suggesting alternative solutions like direct TCP/IP connections over cellular. Others shared personal experiences and insights, including one commenter who detailed their success using the RAK7200 with a Quectel modem and another who noted the complexities and lack of clear documentation around AT command interactions for specific modem features. A few comments also touched upon the security implications of exposing the modem via USB, particularly in commercial deployments. The overall sentiment reflected interest in the technical details but also a pragmatic awareness of the challenges involved in this approach.
The blog post "A vending machine, on the internet" explores the concept of building a virtual vending machine using readily available web technologies. It details the author's project, which combines a physical interface (buttons and a display) with a web backend to simulate a real-world vending machine experience. The project uses a Raspberry Pi to control the physical components and communicates with a web server to manage inventory, process transactions, and deliver virtual "goods" like access codes or digital downloads. The post highlights the simplicity and accessibility of building such a project with tools like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Python, showcasing a fun and practical application of web development beyond traditional websites.
Hacker News users generally expressed enthusiasm for the internet-connected vending machine project. Several praised the creator's ingenuity and the "whimsical" nature of the project. Some commenters discussed the technical aspects, focusing on the use of a Raspberry Pi and the potential vulnerabilities of exposing such a device to the internet. Others shared similar personal projects, like controlling Christmas lights remotely. A few raised concerns about security and the practicality of the setup, questioning the real-world use cases beyond a fun experiment. There was also a short discussion about the cost-effectiveness of the hardware choices.
Espargos is an open-source project developing a modular, expandable, and affordable WiFi sensing array based on ESP32 microcontrollers. Each node in the array passively monitors surrounding WiFi signals, and through techniques like Channel State Information (CSI) analysis, can detect subtle changes in the environment. These changes can then be interpreted for various applications like gesture recognition, presence detection, and even material identification. The project emphasizes ease of use and customization, allowing users to build arrays of varying sizes and configurations tailored to specific needs. The software platform provides tools for data collection, processing, and visualization, enabling experimentation and development of novel sensing applications using the collected WiFi data.
Hacker News users discussed the Espargos project, primarily focusing on its potential applications and limitations. Some saw promise in using it for security, like detecting intruders or monitoring elderly relatives, while others suggested applications in smart home automation or scientific research like analyzing crowd movement. Concerns were raised regarding privacy implications, the practicality of calibration, and the limited range of the ESP32's WiFi sensing. The reliance on signal strength as the primary metric was also questioned, with some suggesting incorporating time-of-flight measurements for improved accuracy. A few commenters expressed interest in the project's open-source nature and potential for customization. There was some debate on the best use cases, with some arguing its value lay more in research and experimentation than in robust, real-world applications.
The Flea-Scope is a low-cost, open-source USB oscilloscope, logic analyzer, and arbitrary waveform generator. Designed with affordability and accessibility in mind, it utilizes a Cypress FX2LP microcontroller and features a minimalist design detailed in a comprehensive, publicly available PDF. The document covers hardware schematics, firmware, software, and usage instructions, enabling users to build, modify, and understand the device completely. The Flea-Scope aims to be a practical tool for hobbyists, students, and professionals seeking a basic, yet versatile electronic test instrument.
Commenters on Hacker News generally praised the Flea-Scope for its affordability and open-source nature, finding it a compelling option for hobbyists and those needing a basic tool. Several pointed out its limitations compared to professional equipment, particularly regarding bandwidth and sample rate. Some discussed potential improvements, including using a faster microcontroller and enhancing the software. The project's use of a Cypress FX2 chip was highlighted, with some expressing nostalgia for it. A few users shared personal experiences using similar DIY oscilloscopes, and others questioned the practicality of its low bandwidth for certain applications. The overall sentiment was positive, viewing the Flea-Scope as a valuable educational tool and a testament to what can be achieved with limited resources.
Motivated by the lack of a suitable smartwatch solution for managing his son's Type 1 diabetes, a father embarked on building a custom smartwatch from scratch. Using off-the-shelf hardware components like a PineTime smartwatch and a Nightscout-compatible continuous glucose monitor (CGM), he developed software to display real-time blood glucose data directly on the watch face. This DIY project aimed to provide a discreet and readily accessible way for his son to monitor his blood sugar levels, addressing concerns like bulky existing solutions and social stigma associated with medical devices. The resulting smartwatch displays glucose levels, trend arrows, and alerts for high or low readings, offering a more user-friendly and age-appropriate interface than traditional diabetes management tools.
Hacker News commenters largely praised the author's dedication and ingenuity in creating a smartwatch for his son with Type 1 diabetes. Several expressed admiration for his willingness to dive into hardware and software development to address a specific need. Some discussed the challenges of closed-loop systems and the potential benefits and risks of DIY medical devices. A few commenters with diabetes shared their personal experiences and offered suggestions for improvement, such as incorporating existing open-source projects or considering different hardware platforms. Others raised concerns about the regulatory hurdles and safety implications of using a homemade device for managing a serious medical condition. There was also some discussion about the potential for commercializing the project.
Hannah Ilea built a physical rendition of Steve Reich's "Clapping Music" using two flip-disc displays. These displays, commonly found in old train station departure boards, create a visual and auditory representation of the piece. One display plays a steady, repeating 12-beat pattern while the other shifts by one beat after every 12 cycles. The clicking sounds of the flipping discs, combined with the visual pattern changes, mimic the rhythmic structure of the original composition. The project showcases a unique intersection of music, visual art, and vintage technology.
HN commenters generally enjoyed the project, praising the creator's ingenuity and the pleasing visual/auditory result. Several noted the clever use of readily available hardware and appreciated the clear explanation of the build process. Some discussed the potential for extending the project, suggesting using more complex rhythms or different types of displays. One commenter linked to a similar project using split-flap displays, while another pointed out the similarity to a "flip clock" art piece they had encountered. A few users expressed interest in the code and hardware specifics, leading to a brief discussion of microcontroller choices and potential improvements to the driving circuitry.
Summary of Comments ( 47 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43762409
Hacker News users discussed the practicality and novelty of the Elato AI project. Several commenters questioned the value proposition of using OpenAI's API on a resource-constrained device like the ESP32, especially given latency and cost concerns. Others pointed out potential issues with relying on a cloud service for core functionality, making the device dependent on internet connectivity and potentially impacting privacy. Some praised the project for its educational value, seeing it as a good way to learn about embedded systems and AI integration. The open-sourcing of the project was also viewed positively, allowing others to tinker and potentially improve upon the design. A few users suggested alternative approaches like running smaller language models locally to overcome the limitations of the current cloud-dependent architecture.
The Hacker News post discussing the open-sourced AI toy company running on ESP32 and OpenAI's realtime API generated a moderate level of discussion, with several commenters expressing interest and raising pertinent questions.
Several users were intrigued by the project's use of the ESP32, a low-power microcontroller, and its potential applications. One commenter questioned the latency experienced with the OpenAI API, specifically wondering about the round-trip time for generating responses. This prompted a reply from the original poster (OP), who clarified that the latency was around 200-500ms, which they considered acceptable for their specific use case. The OP also mentioned strategies they employed to manage and potentially reduce this latency, including caching.
Further discussion revolved around the cost-effectiveness of using the OpenAI API for such a project. One user expressed surprise at the affordability, while another raised concerns about the ongoing costs associated with relying on a paid API. This led to a conversation about the potential for using alternative, potentially open-source, language models in the future to mitigate these costs.
A significant portion of the comments focused on the technical details of the project. Commenters inquired about the specifics of the ESP32 implementation, the methods used for audio input and output, and the overall architecture of the system. The OP responded to these queries, providing insights into their design choices and offering further clarification on the project's inner workings.
Some users expressed interest in using the project as a starting point for their own explorations into AI-powered toys and devices. They discussed potential modifications and improvements, including using different microcontrollers or exploring alternative AI models.
Finally, there was some discussion regarding the "toy" aspect of the project. While acknowledging its playful nature, several commenters recognized the potential for such a project to serve as a valuable educational tool for learning about AI and embedded systems. They also appreciated the open-source nature of the project, allowing others to build upon and contribute to the codebase.