Stories with Tag Benchmark

• The cost of Go's panic and recover

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  Posted: 2025-03-01 08:19:11

  Verbose tl;dr

  The blog post explores the performance implications of Go's panic and recover mechanisms. It demonstrates through benchmarking that while the cost of a single panic/recover pair isn't exorbitant, frequent use, particularly nested recovery, can introduce significant overhead, especially when compared to error handling using if statements and explicit returns. The author highlights the observed costs in terms of both execution time and increased binary size, particularly when dealing with defer statements within the recovery block. Ultimately, the post cautions against overusing panic/recover for regular error handling, suggesting they are best suited for truly exceptional situations, advocating instead for more conventional Go error handling patterns.

  The blog post "The cost of Go's panic and recover" by Roberto Clapis explores the performance implications of using Go's error handling mechanisms, specifically panic and recover, compared to traditional error return values. Clapis begins by acknowledging that while panic and recover are powerful tools for exceptional situations and halting execution upon encountering unrecoverable errors, their usage comes with a non-negligible performance overhead.

  The author then details a series of benchmarks designed to quantify this overhead. These benchmarks compare the execution time of three distinct approaches to error handling: returning errors normally through the function's return value, using panic and recover to handle errors, and a hybrid approach that employs panic and recover but only within a specifically designated error handling function. The benchmarks cover various scenarios, including cases where errors are frequent and cases where they are rare.

  The results of the benchmarks demonstrate that handling errors using the standard return mechanism is significantly faster than using panic and recover. This performance disparity is attributed to the additional work the runtime must perform when a panic occurs, such as unwinding the stack and executing deferred functions. The difference becomes more pronounced as the frequency of errors increases.

  Interestingly, the benchmarks also reveal that using the hybrid approach, where panic and recover are confined within a dedicated error handling function, offers a compromise. This method, while still slower than standard error returns, performs considerably better than using panic and recover directly within the main execution flow. This suggests that strategically isolating panic and recover can mitigate some of their performance impact.

  Clapis concludes by emphasizing that while panic and recover have their place, especially for truly unrecoverable errors, developers should be mindful of their performance implications. For routine error handling, the standard error return mechanism remains the more efficient choice. The hybrid approach can be a viable alternative when a degree of both control and error propagation is required, offering a balance between performance and the convenience of stack unwinding provided by panic and recover. The author reinforces the idea that understanding the cost associated with each error handling strategy allows developers to make informed decisions based on the specific needs of their application.

  • Go
  • Golang
  • panic
  • recover
  • Error Handling
  • performance
  • cost
  • Benchmark
  • programming
  • Software Development
  • Exception Handling

  Summary of Comments ( 79 )
  https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43217209

  Verbose tl;dr

  Hacker News users discuss the tradeoffs of Go's panic/recover mechanism. Some argue it's overused for non-fatal errors, leading to difficult debugging and unpredictable behavior. They suggest alternatives like error handling with multiple return values or the errors package for better control flow. Others defend panic/recover as a useful tool in specific situations, such as halting execution in truly unrecoverable states or within tightly controlled library functions where the expected behavior is clearly defined. The performance implications of panic/recover are also debated, with some claiming it's costly, while others maintain it's negligible compared to other operations. Several commenters highlight the importance of thoughtful error handling strategies in Go, regardless of whether panic/recover is employed.

  The Hacker News post "The cost of Go's panic and recover" (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43217209) has generated a substantial discussion with several compelling comments exploring various facets of Go's error handling mechanisms.

  Several commenters discuss the performance implications of panic and recover, agreeing that while there's a cost associated, it's often negligible in real-world applications. One commenter points out that the cost is minimal compared to the overhead of other operations like network calls or disk I/O. Another clarifies that the benchmark presented in the article likely exaggerates the cost in typical scenarios, as it involves panicking and recovering in a tight loop, which is uncommon. They suggest that for most use cases, the performance impact is insignificant and shouldn't discourage the appropriate use of panic and recover.

  A recurring theme in the comments is the distinction between using panic and recover for exceptional situations versus routine error handling. Many agree that panic should be reserved for truly unrecoverable errors, where the program is in an inconsistent state and continued execution is unsafe. They caution against using panic for expected errors, advocating instead for Go's standard error handling pattern using multiple return values. One commenter emphasizes that panic is not a general-purpose error handling mechanism and should be used sparingly, while recover should be restricted to carefully defined boundaries, such as the top level of a request handler. Using panic and recover for flow control is generally discouraged.

  The discussion also touches upon the difficulties of reasoning about code that uses panic and recover extensively. One commenter highlights the non-local nature of panic and recover, making it harder to follow the control flow and understand the program's behavior. This complexity can lead to subtle bugs and make debugging more challenging. Another commenter suggests that using panic and recover can obscure the error handling logic, making it difficult to determine where errors are handled and what the intended behavior is.

  Finally, alternatives to panic and recover are discussed, including the use of error return values and the possibility of introducing checked exceptions to Go. While some commenters express interest in exploring alternative error handling approaches, others argue that Go's existing mechanisms are sufficient and that checked exceptions would introduce unnecessary complexity. The overall sentiment seems to be that Go's current error handling approach, when used correctly, is effective and that panic and recover have specific, limited roles to play in handling truly exceptional circumstances.

• The Iconic 3DBenchy Enters the Public Domain

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  Posted: 2025-02-14 21:39:29

  Verbose tl;dr

  The popular 3D printer benchmark and test model, #3DBenchy, designed by Creative Tools, is now in the public domain. After ten years of copyright protection, anyone can freely use, modify, and distribute the Benchy model without restriction. This change opens up new possibilities for its use in education, research, and commercial projects. Creative Tools encourages continued community involvement and development around the Benchy model.

  The renowned and ubiquitously recognized 3D printing benchmark model, affectionately known as #3DBenchy, has transitioned into the public domain, signifying a momentous occasion for the additive manufacturing community. Originally conceived in 2015 by Creative Tools, a subsidiary of the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3DBenchy has served as an invaluable tool for evaluating and calibrating 3D printers worldwide. Its intricate design, incorporating a multitude of challenging geometric features such as overhangs, curved surfaces, and fine details, provides a comprehensive assessment of a printer's capabilities across various parameters.

  This shift to the public domain, after a period of being freely available under a Creative Commons license, effectively eliminates all previous licensing restrictions, granting unrestricted freedom to users for modification, distribution, and commercial exploitation of the 3DBenchy design. This newfound liberation empowers users to not only utilize the model for its original purpose of printer calibration but also to adapt and incorporate it into derivative works without any legal encumbrances or attribution requirements. The transition underscores Creative Tools' commitment to fostering open innovation and promoting the widespread adoption of 3D printing technology. The company views the move as a catalyst for further development within the 3D printing ecosystem, envisioning a future where the iconic little tugboat continues to play a pivotal role in advancing the state-of-the-art. Essentially, 3DBenchy, once a proprietary design, now belongs to the community as a whole, free for all to utilize and build upon. This act of releasing the design underscores the maturation of the 3D printing industry and solidifies 3DBenchy's legacy as a cornerstone of the technology's advancement.

  • 3D printing
  • 3DBenchy
  • Benchmark
  • calibration
  • public domain
  • Copyright
  • Creative Commons
  • Open Source
  • 3D Model
  • Digital Design
  • Additive Manufacturing

  Summary of Comments ( 15 )
  https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43053350

  Verbose tl;dr

  Hacker News users discussed the implications of 3DBenchy entering the public domain, mostly focusing on its continued relevance. Some questioned its usefulness as a benchmark given advancements in 3D printing technology, suggesting it's more of a nostalgic icon than a practical tool. Others argued it remains a valuable quick print for testing new filaments or printer tweaks due to its familiarity and readily available troubleshooting information. A few comments highlighted the smart move by the original creators to release it publicly, ensuring its longevity and preventing others from profiting off of slightly modified versions. Several users expressed their appreciation for its simple yet effective design and its contribution to the 3D printing community.

  The Hacker News post "The Iconic 3DBenchy Enters the Public Domain" (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43053350) has generated several comments discussing the implications of 3DBenchy's move to the public domain and its significance within the 3D printing community.

  Several commenters express positive sentiment about Creative Tools' decision. One user describes it as "a class act" and highlights the benefit to the community now that anyone can freely modify and distribute derivatives of the Benchy. This sentiment is echoed by another who emphasizes the freedom it grants for creating and selling modified Benchys without legal concerns.

  The discussion also touches upon the practical aspects of the public domain dedication. One commenter asks about the specific license used to ensure clarity and avoid potential misunderstandings regarding permitted usage. Another user responds, explaining that Creative Tools used CC0, which effectively relinquishes all copyright and related rights, placing the work firmly in the public domain. This exchange clarifies the legal ramifications of the decision.

  Furthermore, the conversation delves into the history and cultural impact of 3DBenchy. A commenter recalls its ubiquitous presence in the 3D printing world, highlighting its utility as a benchmarking and calibration tool. They also mention seeing various iterations and modifications, demonstrating its influence on the community's creativity. Another user recounts its role as a "torture test" for new printers and filaments, illustrating its practical value beyond just calibration.

  Some comments explore potential future uses of 3DBenchy now that it's in the public domain. One commenter suggests it could be incorporated into 3D modeling software as a standard test object. Another envisions its use in educational settings to teach 3D modeling principles. These comments highlight the potential for wider adoption and integration of Benchy across different applications.

  Finally, there's a discussion regarding the enduring legacy of 3DBenchy. One commenter expresses the belief that it will continue to be widely used and recognized within the 3D printing community, solidifying its status as an iconic design. Another user remarks on the infrequent occurrence of objects achieving this level of recognition in the digital realm, underscoring the significance of Benchy's public domain status.

  In summary, the comments on Hacker News reflect a generally positive response to 3DBenchy entering the public domain. They discuss the legal aspects of the decision, the practical implications for users, the historical context of Benchy's development, and its potential future uses. Overall, the comments paint a picture of a community that appreciates Creative Tools' generosity and anticipates the continued impact of this iconic 3D model.

• Lzbench Compression Benchmark

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  Posted: 2025-02-11 15:47:45

  Verbose tl;dr

  Lzbench is a compression benchmark focusing on speed, comparing various lossless compression algorithms across different datasets. It prioritizes decompression speed and measures compression ratio, encoding and decoding rates, and RAM usage. The benchmark includes popular algorithms like zstd, lz4, brotli, and deflate, tested on diverse datasets ranging from Silesia Corpus to real-world files like Firefox binaries and game assets. Results are presented interactively, allowing users to filter by algorithm, dataset, and metric, facilitating easy comparison and analysis of compression performance. The project aims to provide a practical, speed-focused overview of how different compression algorithms perform in real-world scenarios.

  The webpage presents an interactive benchmark of various lossless compression algorithms, titled "Lzbench Compression Benchmark." This benchmark assesses the performance of these algorithms across multiple dimensions, providing a comprehensive comparison for users interested in selecting the optimal compression method for their specific needs. The primary metrics measured include compression ratio (how effectively the algorithm reduces file size), compression speed (how quickly the algorithm compresses data), and decompression speed (how quickly the algorithm restores the data to its original form).

  The benchmark encompasses a diverse range of algorithms, categorized by their general approach to compression. These categories include dictionary-based methods like LZ4, Zstd, and Deflate; Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) based methods like bzip2; and other specialized or less common algorithms. This breadth of inclusion allows for a detailed comparison across different compression paradigms.

  The interactive nature of the benchmark allows users to filter and sort the results based on the aforementioned metrics. This dynamic functionality empowers users to prioritize specific performance characteristics, such as favoring compression ratio over speed, or vice-versa. Additionally, the visualization of the results through bar graphs facilitates easy comparison and identification of top performers in each category. Furthermore, the ability to select specific compression levels for many algorithms provides a granular view of their performance trade-offs between compression ratio and speed. The benchmark data also includes information about memory usage during compression and decompression, adding another layer of comparison for resource-constrained environments. Finally, the benchmark appears to be regularly updated, indicating a commitment to maintaining its relevance and reflecting the latest advancements in compression technology.

  • compression
  • Benchmark
  • lzbench
  • performance
  • Algorithm
  • data compression
  • lossless compression
  • benchmarking
  • Software
  • tools

  Summary of Comments ( 0 )
  https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43014190

  Verbose tl;dr

  HN users generally praised the benchmark's visual clarity and ease of use. Several appreciated the inclusion of less common algorithms like Brotli, Lizard, and Zstandard alongside established ones like gzip and LZMA. Some discussed the performance characteristics of different algorithms, noting Zstandard's speed and Brotli's generally good compression. A few users pointed out potential improvements, such as adding more compression levels or providing options to exclude specific algorithms. One commenter wished for pre-compressed benchmark files to reduce load times. The lack of context/meaning for the benchmark data (it uses a "Silesia corpus") was also mentioned.

  The Hacker News post titled "Lzbench Compression Benchmark" (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43014190) has several comments discussing the benchmark itself, its methodology, and the implications of its results.

  Several commenters express appreciation for the benchmark and the work put into creating it. One user highlights the value of visualizing the speed/ratio trade-off, stating it helps in making informed decisions depending on the specific use case. They also appreciate the inclusion of Brotli and Zstandard, recognizing them as modern and important compression algorithms. Another commenter points out the utility of seeing the different levels of compression available for each algorithm, emphasizing the importance of configurable compression levels for different applications.

  A key point of discussion revolves around the choice of data used for the benchmark. Some commenters question the representativeness of the Silesia corpus, suggesting that results might differ with other datasets, particularly those commonly encountered in specific domains. One user mentions that different compression algorithms excel with different data types, and using a diverse range of datasets could offer a more comprehensive understanding of algorithm performance. They specifically suggest including large language model (LLM) data, given its increasing prevalence. This discussion highlights the limitations of relying on a single benchmark dataset.

  Performance discrepancies between different implementations of the same algorithm are also noted. One commenter observes that the Rust implementation of LZ4 performs considerably better than the C++ implementation, sparking a discussion about the potential reasons. Possibilities include optimization differences and the inherent advantages of Rust in certain performance-critical scenarios. This observation underscores the importance of implementation quality when evaluating algorithm performance.

  Finally, the practicality of the benchmark is discussed. One commenter emphasizes the value of benchmarks focusing on practical aspects, such as compression and decompression speed, particularly in real-world applications. Another user agrees, pointing out that the benchmark is helpful for developers looking for quick performance comparisons between algorithms without needing in-depth knowledge of the underlying mechanisms.

  In summary, the comments section provides valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of the LZBench compression benchmark. The discussion highlights the importance of dataset selection, implementation quality, and the need for benchmarks that address practical considerations relevant to developers.

• Scale AI Unveil Results of Humanity's Last Exam, a Groundbreaking New Benchmark

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  Posted: 2025-01-23 17:44:07

  Verbose tl;dr

  Scale AI's "Humanity's Last Exam" benchmark evaluates large language models (LLMs) on complex, multi-step reasoning tasks across various domains like math, coding, and critical thinking, going beyond typical benchmark datasets. The results revealed that while top LLMs like GPT-4 demonstrate impressive abilities, even the best models still struggle with intricate reasoning, logical deduction, and robust coding, highlighting the significant gap between current LLMs and human-level intelligence. The benchmark aims to drive further research and development in more sophisticated and robust AI systems.

  In a recent publication entitled "Humanity's Last Exam," Scale AI, a prominent provider of artificial intelligence infrastructure and data services, has divulged the findings of a novel benchmark designed to rigorously assess the evolving capabilities of large language models (LLMs) across a broad spectrum of real-world tasks. This ambitious undertaking, meticulously crafted to transcend the limitations of existing benchmarks often criticized for their narrow focus on academic or synthetic datasets, seeks to provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of how these powerful models perform in scenarios that closely mirror the complexities and ambiguities inherent in human communication and problem-solving.

  The methodology employed in "Humanity's Last Exam" distinguishes itself through its emphasis on evaluation across a diverse array of 100 distinct tasks, encompassing areas such as coding, creative writing, mathematics, and sophisticated reasoning. Furthermore, these tasks were explicitly designed to emulate real-world challenges, reflecting the type of problems humans frequently encounter in professional and everyday settings. This stands in contrast to conventional benchmarks that often rely on simplified or artificial datasets, potentially inflating the perceived performance of LLMs and failing to capture their true capabilities when confronted with the multifaceted nature of real-world applications.

  The results of this extensive evaluation reveal a complex and nuanced picture of current LLM capabilities. While some models demonstrated impressive proficiency in certain domains, particularly those involving well-defined tasks with clear success criteria, significant performance disparities were observed across the spectrum of evaluated tasks. The findings underscore the ongoing challenges in developing truly general-purpose AI systems capable of consistently matching or exceeding human performance across a broad range of cognitive domains. Specifically, the research highlighted areas where further refinement and development are crucial, such as complex reasoning, nuanced understanding of context, and the ability to adapt to novel or unforeseen scenarios.

  Scale AI argues that "Humanity's Last Exam" provides a crucial contribution to the ongoing discourse surrounding the advancement and deployment of artificial intelligence. By offering a more robust and realistic assessment framework, the benchmark aims to facilitate more informed decision-making regarding the appropriate application of LLMs, while simultaneously driving further research and development efforts towards the ultimate goal of creating truly general-purpose AI systems. The implication is that this benchmark not only offers a snapshot of current LLM capabilities but also serves as a roadmap for future advancements in the field, guiding researchers towards areas requiring focused attention and fostering the development of more versatile and robust AI models capable of effectively addressing the multifaceted challenges of the real world. Furthermore, the benchmark's emphasis on real-world tasks suggests a commitment to ensuring that AI development remains grounded in practical applications and contributes meaningfully to solving real-world problems.

  • AI
  • artificial intelligence
  • Benchmark
  • benchmarking
  • Scale AI
  • Humanity's Last Exam
  • Large Language Models
  • LLMs
  • Evaluation
  • AI Performance
  • AI Testing
  • Model Evaluation
  • machine learning
  • natural language processing
  • NLP

  Summary of Comments ( 22 )
  https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42806105

  Verbose tl;dr

  HN commenters largely criticized the "Humanity's Last Exam" framing as hyperbolic and marketing-driven. Several pointed out that the exam's focus on reasoning and logic, while important, doesn't represent the full spectrum of human intelligence and capabilities crucial for navigating complex real-world scenarios. Others questioned the methodology and representativeness of the "exam," expressing skepticism about the chosen tasks and the limited pool of participants. Some commenters also discussed the implications of AI surpassing human performance on such benchmarks, with varying degrees of concern about potential societal impact. A few offered alternative perspectives, suggesting that the exam could be a useful tool for understanding and improving AI systems, even if its framing is overblown.

  The Hacker News post about Scale AI's "Humanity's Last Exam" has generated a fair amount of discussion, with several commenters expressing skepticism and raising concerns about the methodology and implications of the benchmark.

  One recurring theme is the questioning of whether this benchmark truly represents a final exam for humanity. Commenters argue that framing it as such is hyperbolic and potentially misleading. They point out that the tasks, while complex, don't encompass the full breadth of human intelligence and creativity. The focus on specific problem-solving domains, particularly those relevant to current AI capabilities, is seen as a limitation.

  Several commenters critique the methodology used to evaluate human performance. Some question the selection of tasks and the way they were presented to participants. Others express concern about the potential for bias in the human evaluators who judged the responses. The lack of detailed information about the human participants also raises concerns about the representativeness of the sample and the generalizability of the results.

  The implications of the benchmark for AI development are also debated. While some acknowledge the value of having a standardized benchmark to measure progress, others worry that focusing solely on these specific tasks could lead to a narrow and potentially misdirected development trajectory for AI. The concern is that optimizing AI for these particular problems might not translate to genuine progress towards more general intelligence or beneficial real-world applications.

  Some commenters express skepticism about Scale AI's motivations, suggesting that the framing of the benchmark as "Humanity's Last Exam" is primarily a marketing tactic to generate attention. They point to the lack of open access to the data and the evaluation methodology as potentially reinforcing this suspicion.

  A few comments offer alternative perspectives, suggesting that the benchmark, despite its limitations, could still be a valuable tool for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of current AI systems. They emphasize the importance of continued research and development in AI, while cautioning against overinterpreting the results of this particular benchmark.

  Overall, the comments on Hacker News reflect a cautious and critical reception of Scale AI's "Humanity's Last Exam." While some acknowledge the potential value of the benchmark, many express reservations about its methodology, framing, and implications. The discussion highlights the ongoing debate surrounding the nature of intelligence, the challenges of evaluating AI systems, and the potential societal impact of advanced AI technologies.