Stories with Tag 13th century

• Thomas Aquinas' skull reveals appearance and cause of death

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  Posted: 2025-02-10 03:38:29

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  Researchers have reconstructed the face of St. Thomas Aquinas using 3D modeling based on his skull, offering a glimpse of his appearance 750 years after his death. Analysis also suggests he suffered from a chronic ear infection and severe osteoarthritis, possibly contributing to his demise. While the cause of death remains uncertain, these findings provide valuable insight into the health and physical characteristics of the influential theologian and philosopher.

  A recent anthropological investigation, utilizing cutting-edge craniofacial reconstruction techniques, has provided unprecedented insight into the visage and demise of the eminent 13th-century philosopher and theologian, Saint Thomas Aquinas. Researchers, meticulously examining the preserved skull of Aquinas, which has been venerated as a relic for centuries, embarked on a painstaking process to recreate the likely appearance of this towering intellectual figure. Through sophisticated methodologies, including advanced imaging and forensic anthropological principles, they extrapolated the facial features that were once enveloped by skin and muscle, effectively offering a glimpse into the countenance of the Doctor Angelicus.

  This meticulous reconstruction, based on the bony architecture of the skull, revealed a man with a prominent forehead, suggestive of a powerful intellect, and other distinguishing characteristics that have now been brought to light after more than seven and a half centuries. The resulting image, a product of scientific rigor and historical curiosity, provides a tangible connection to this pivotal figure in Western thought.

  Furthermore, the examination of Aquinas's skull yielded compelling evidence related to the circumstances surrounding his death. While historical accounts suggest he perished en route to the Second Council of Lyon in 1274, the precise cause has remained a subject of speculation. The recent anthropological study, however, sheds light on this enigma, indicating potential pathological markers on the cranium. While not definitively conclusive, these findings suggest the possibility of a serious illness, perhaps an infection or a tumor, contributing to his untimely passing. This new information enriches the historical narrative surrounding Aquinas, adding a layer of understanding to the final chapter of his life and offering a more nuanced perspective on the physical challenges he might have faced. Thus, the scientific inquest into the skull of Thomas Aquinas has not only unveiled his likely appearance but has also deepened our comprehension of his final days, adding further depth to the legacy of this influential theologian and philosopher.

  • Thomas Aquinas
  • Saint Thomas Aquinas
  • Catholic Church
  • Catholicism
  • Religion
  • History
  • medieval history
  • 13th century
  • Skull
  • Forensic Science
  • Facial Reconstruction
  • Cause of Death
  • Relics
  • Italy
  • Dominican Order
  • Theology
  • Philosophy
  • Scholasticism

  Summary of Comments ( 81 )
  https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42996671

  Verbose tl;dr

  HN commenters discuss the methodology used to reconstruct Aquinas's face, with some skepticism about its accuracy given the reliance on skull shape alone and the potential for subjective interpretation by the artists. Several commenters point out the irony of reconstructing the face of a theologian who emphasized the immaterial soul over physical appearance. Others question the significance of the project, while some express interest in the historical and forensic aspects. A few commenters debate the cause of death, with one suggesting it might have been a stroke rather than the reported "cerebral stroke" mentioned in some historical accounts. Overall, the comments express a mixture of curiosity, doubt, and philosophical reflection on the nature of identity and the limits of historical reconstruction.

  The Hacker News post titled "Thomas Aquinas' skull reveals appearance and cause of death" linking to an article in the National Catholic Register has generated several comments. The discussion primarily revolves around the methods used for the facial reconstruction and the inherent uncertainties involved, as well as some tangential discussions about Aquinas' life and philosophy.

  One commenter expressed skepticism about the accuracy of facial reconstructions based on skulls, pointing out the significant role soft tissue plays in shaping a person's appearance. They argued that such reconstructions can only provide a very general idea, rather than a truly accurate representation. This sentiment was echoed by another commenter who questioned the level of confidence one should have in these reconstructions, noting the substantial margin of error.

  Another thread of discussion focused on the difficulty of diagnosing cause of death based solely on skeletal remains. One commenter highlighted this challenge, mentioning the limited information that can be gleaned from bones, especially centuries later. This led to a brief discussion about the various possible causes of death that could be consistent with the described skull condition.

  Some commenters also touched on Aquinas' philosophical work. One commenter mentioned the vast difference between Aquinas' theological focus and the interests of the typical Hacker News user. Another commenter briefly discussed Aquinas' views on just war theory, leading to a short exchange about its relevance to modern conflicts.

  A few commenters expressed general interest in the reconstruction process and the historical context, while others questioned the newsworthiness of the story. One commenter questioned the scientific rigor of the reconstruction, comparing it to phrenology. Another found the article's tone excessively sensationalized.

  Finally, a couple of commenters shared links to resources with additional information about facial reconstruction techniques and the life of Thomas Aquinas.

• Building a Medieval Castle from Scratch

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  Posted: 2025-01-23 18:24:30

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  Deep in the Burgundy forest of France, Guédelon Castle is a unique ongoing experiment: building a 13th-century castle entirely from scratch using only period-correct tools and techniques. This ambitious project, begun in 1997, employs skilled craftspeople who quarry stone, make mortar, forge iron, carve wood, and practice other medieval trades to construct the castle, offering visitors a living history lesson in medieval architecture and construction. The project aims not just to recreate a castle, but to understand the process and challenges faced by medieval builders.

  Embark on a captivating odyssey through time at Guédelon, a truly extraordinary endeavor located in the heart of Burgundy, France. This ambitious project, initiated in 1997, is not merely a restoration or a replica, but a breathtaking de novo construction of a fully functional 13th-century medieval castle, employing solely the tools, techniques, and materials that would have been available to master builders of that era. This immersive experience offers an unparalleled glimpse into the ingenuity and craftsmanship of medieval artisans.

  The castle, rising majestically from the earth, is being painstakingly erected using locally quarried sandstone, meticulously shaped and placed by skilled stonemasons. Oak timbers, hewn from the surrounding forests, form the robust framework, while handcrafted tiles, forged ironwork, and locally produced mortar bind the structure together, a testament to the self-sufficiency of the medieval world. This commitment to authenticity extends beyond the materials themselves to encompass the entire building process. Teams of carpenters, blacksmiths, rope makers, and other craftsmen employ period-appropriate tools and methodologies, reviving forgotten skills and illuminating the intricate web of interdependence that characterized medieval society.

  Visitors to Guédelon are invited to not just observe, but to actively engage with this living history project. They can witness firsthand the back-breaking labor involved in quarrying stone, the intricate art of carving elaborate architectural details, and the rhythmic clang of the blacksmith's hammer shaping iron into functional works of art. The site provides a dynamic and interactive educational experience, demonstrating the complex logistics of medieval construction, from the transportation of materials by horse-drawn cart to the ingenious use of human-powered lifting mechanisms. Guédelon, therefore, transcends a mere construction project, becoming a vibrant tableau of medieval life, a place where the past is not just remembered, but actively relived, offering profound insights into the resourcefulness, ingenuity, and artistry of a bygone era. This ongoing archaeological experiment allows us to understand not only what a medieval castle looked like, but also how it came to be, revealing the human story behind the stone and timber. The meticulous attention to detail, the dedication to authenticity, and the sheer scale of the undertaking render Guédelon a truly unique and invaluable window into the medieval world.

  • medieval
  • castle
  • construction
  • Architecture
  • History
  • experimental archaeology
  • France
  • Guedelon
  • historical building techniques
  • crafts
  • masonry
  • carpentry
  • blacksmithing
  • 13th century
  • heritage
  • Tourism
  • DIY
  • building
  • archaeology

  Summary of Comments ( 6 )
  https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42806486

  Verbose tl;dr

  HN commenters express fascination with the Guédelon castle project, praising its commitment to authentic 13th-century building techniques. Several discuss the surprising efficiency of medieval methods, noting the clever use of human and animal power, and the sophisticated understanding of material science displayed by the builders. Some commenters draw parallels to software development, highlighting the iterative, experimental nature of the project and the value of learning by doing. Others lament the loss of traditional craftsmanship and knowledge in modern society. A few express skepticism about the project's complete authenticity, questioning the influence of modern tools and safety regulations. Overall, the comments reflect a mix of admiration, curiosity, and nostalgia for a pre-industrial way of life.

  The Hacker News post "Building a Medieval Castle from Scratch" linking to Guedelon Castle's website generated a fair amount of discussion, with several commenters expressing fascination and admiration for the project.

  Many comments focused on the impressive nature of building a castle using only medieval techniques and materials. Several people marveled at the dedication and long-term vision required for such an undertaking, highlighting the contrast with modern, fast-paced construction. Some commenters discussed the historical accuracy of the project, questioning certain aspects or praising the research and effort put into maintaining authenticity.

  One compelling comment thread explored the economic sustainability of the project, debating whether it was truly self-sufficient or relied on modern financial mechanisms. Some users speculated about the balance between historical accuracy and the need to generate revenue through tourism.

  Another interesting discussion revolved around the skills and knowledge gained by the people working on the castle. Commenters pondered the potential for these skills to be applied in other contexts, such as historical preservation or sustainable building practices. There was also some discussion about the social aspects of the project, with users commenting on the community formed around the castle construction.

  Several commenters shared personal anecdotes about visiting Guedelon or expressed their desire to do so. They often highlighted the unique and immersive experience offered by the project.

  A few technically-minded users commented on the engineering challenges faced by medieval builders and how those challenges are being addressed at Guedelon. They discussed the use of specific materials, tools, and construction methods.

  Some commenters also shared links to similar projects or resources related to medieval architecture and construction. This contributed to a broader conversation about experimental archaeology and historical reenactment. Finally, a smaller number of comments were less focused on the project itself and more on tangential topics like the romanticism of the medieval period or the perceived decline of craftsmanship in modern society.