F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby is deeply influenced by World War I, though the war is rarely explicitly mentioned. Gatsby's character, his pursuit of Daisy, and the novel's themes of loss and disillusionment are shaped by the war's impact. The war accelerated social changes, fostering a sense of both liberation and moral decay, embodied in the "lost generation." Gatsby's idealized vision of the past, specifically his pre-war romance with Daisy, represents a yearning for a lost innocence and stability shattered by the war. His lavish parties and relentless pursuit of wealth are attempts to recapture that past, but ultimately prove futile, highlighting the impossibility of truly returning to a pre-war world. The war, therefore, acts as an unseen yet pervasive force driving the narrative and shaping its tragic conclusion.
This paper examines Project Whitecoat (1954-1973), a biodefense medical research program involving Seventh-day Adventist conscientious objectors. Motivated by their religious beliefs against bearing arms, these volunteers participated in studies at Fort Detrick, Maryland, focusing on infectious diseases like Q fever, tularemia, and plague. The research aimed to understand disease mechanisms, develop vaccines, and enhance defensive biological warfare capabilities. The project, while raising ethical questions about human experimentation, offered Adventists an alternative form of national service aligned with their faith. The paper highlights the complexities of balancing scientific advancement, national security, and individual religious freedom during the Cold War.
Hacker News users discuss the ethical implications of Operation Whitecoat, focusing on the informed consent of the Seventh-day Adventist volunteers. Some debate the degree of coercion involved, given the alternative of military service during wartime. Several commenters highlight the potential for subtle pressure and the power dynamics inherent in the doctor-patient (or researcher-subject) relationship, questioning whether truly free consent was possible. Others express admiration for the Adventists' commitment to their beliefs and their willingness to serve their country in a non-combatant role. The lasting impact of these experiments and the potential for long-term health issues are also raised, along with the broader question of whether such research, even with apparent consent, is ethically justifiable.
The Substack post "Photographs of the Old West" showcases a curated collection of historical images offering glimpses into life in the American West during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The photographs, many by renowned photographers like William Henry Jackson and Edward Curtis, depict diverse subjects, from landscapes and indigenous peoples to frontier towns, cowboys, and the burgeoning railroad. The post emphasizes the romanticized perception of the West versus its complex realities, highlighting both the grandeur of the landscape and the hardships faced by those who inhabited it.
Hacker News users discussed the surprising modernity visible in the "Old West" photographs, noting the paved streets, electric lines, and fashionable clothing. Some commenters highlighted the staged nature of many iconic Western images, contrasting them with the more mundane reality depicted in these photos. The discussion also touched on the rapid technological advancement of the era, the relatively late closure of the frontier, and the romanticized perception of the Old West perpetuated by Hollywood. Several commenters shared additional resources, including links to other photo collections and historical information. A few questioned the accuracy of the "Old West" designation for some of the later photographs, pointing out that they depict a period closer to the early 20th century.
In March 1965, Selma, Alabama became the focal point of the fight for voting rights. After a local activist was killed during a peaceful protest, Martin Luther King Jr. led a march from Selma to Montgomery to demand federal intervention. Facing violent resistance from state troopers, the initial march, "Bloody Sunday," was brutally suppressed. A second attempt was aborted, and finally, after federal protection was granted, thousands completed the five-day march to the state capital. The events in Selma galvanized national support for voting rights and directly contributed to the passage of the Voting Rights Act later that year.
HN commenters discuss the historical context of the Selma march, highlighting the bravery of the protestors facing violent opposition. Some note the article's detailed depiction of the political maneuvering and negotiations surrounding the events. Others lament the slow pace of societal change, drawing parallels to ongoing struggles for civil rights. Several commenters share personal anecdotes or related historical information, enriching the discussion with firsthand accounts and further context. A few commenters also point out the importance of remembering and learning from such historical events.
The National Archives is seeking public assistance in transcribing historical documents written in cursive through its "By the People" crowdsourcing platform. Millions of pages of 18th and 19th-century records, including military pension files and Freedmen's Bureau records, need to be digitized and made searchable. By transcribing these handwritten documents, volunteers can help make these invaluable historical resources more accessible to researchers and the general public. The project aims to improve search functionality, enable data analysis, and shed light on crucial aspects of American history.
HN commenters were largely enthusiastic about the transcription project, viewing it as a valuable contribution to historical preservation and a fun challenge. Several users shared their personal experiences with cursive, lamenting its decline in education and expressing nostalgia for its use. Some questioned the choice of Zooniverse as the platform, citing usability issues and suggesting alternatives like FromThePage. A few technical points were raised about the difficulty of deciphering 18th and 19th-century handwriting, especially with variations in style and ink, and the potential benefits of using AI/ML for pre-processing or assisting with transcription. There was also a discussion about the legal and historical context of the documents, including the implications of slavery and property ownership.
Summary of Comments ( 10 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43472320
Several Hacker News commenters discuss the pervasive impact of WWI on the Lost Generation, agreeing with the article's premise. One notes the parallels between Gatsby's lavish parties and the era's frantic pursuit of pleasure as a coping mechanism for trauma. Another points out the disillusionment and cynicism that permeated the generation, reflected in Gatsby's character. A few highlight Fitzgerald's own war experience and its influence on his writing, suggesting the novel is semi-autobiographical. One commenter questions the extent to which Gatsby himself is representative of the Lost Generation, arguing he's an outlier driven by a singular obsession rather than a wider societal malaise. Finally, the symbolism of the green light and its connection to unattainable dreams and lost hope is also discussed.
The Hacker News post titled "Borne Back Ceaselessly into the Past: Fitzgerald, Gatsby and WWI" has generated a modest discussion with a few interesting points. Several commenters discuss the impact of WWI on the "Lost Generation," echoing and expanding on the article's theme.
One commenter highlights the pervasive disillusionment that followed the war, particularly among those who had served, like Fitzgerald. They suggest this experience shaped not only Fitzgerald's writing but also the broader cultural landscape of the 1920s, influencing the era's cynicism and hedonism. This commenter links the war's psychological impact to the characters in The Great Gatsby, suggesting their pursuit of fleeting pleasures represents a coping mechanism for the trauma and loss they experienced.
Another commenter draws a parallel between the post-WWI era and the current social climate, suggesting that pandemic-related anxieties and uncertainties mirror the disillusionment felt by the "Lost Generation." They posit that, like the 1920s, the present day may experience similar shifts in social norms and values as people grapple with collective trauma.
A further commenter adds nuance to the discussion by pointing out that while the war profoundly affected many, it wasn't the sole factor shaping the cultural landscape of the 1920s. They mention other contributing elements, like the rise of consumerism and technological advancements, arguing for a more complex understanding of the era's social dynamics. This commenter also points out that the term "Lost Generation" was coined by Gertrude Stein and popularized by Hemingway, adding historical context to the discussion.
The comments, while limited in number, offer valuable insights into the lasting impact of WWI, its influence on F. Scott Fitzgerald's work, and potential parallels to contemporary society. They avoid direct summary of the article, instead using it as a springboard for broader reflections on history, literature, and the human condition.