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Wait. HOW MANY supernova explode every year?

Posted: 2025-04-12 06:48:19

The post explores the surprising discrepancy between the estimated and observed rates of supernovae. While theoretical models predict hundreds of billions of supernovae across the observable universe annually, current surveys only detect a small fraction of that. This vast difference isn't due to faulty models, but rather the difficulty in observing these explosions. Dust, intervening galaxies, and the sheer expanse of the universe obscure the majority of supernovae from our view, making their detection a challenging endeavor despite their immense power. This explains why, even with sophisticated telescopes, we only observe a relatively tiny number compared to the predicted cosmic abundance.

The blog post "Wait. HOW MANY supernova explode every year?" by Phil Plait delves into the perplexing issue of accurately estimating the frequency of supernovae occurrences within the observable universe. The author begins by highlighting the inherent difficulty in pinning down this number due to the vastness of space and the limitations of our observational capabilities. He explains that while we can readily observe supernovae in nearby galaxies, detecting these events in more distant galaxies becomes increasingly challenging as the light from these explosions diminishes over cosmic distances. Furthermore, dust and gas within galaxies can obscure our view, making it difficult to ascertain the true number of supernovae taking place.

Plait then discusses the traditional method employed by astronomers for estimating supernova rates, which involves surveying a relatively small patch of sky for a specific period and extrapolating the findings to the entire observable universe. He points out the limitations of this method, emphasizing the inherent uncertainties and biases introduced by observing only a small portion of the cosmos. He further elaborates on the challenges posed by different types of supernovae, specifically Type Ia and core-collapse supernovae, each arising from distinct stellar evolutionary pathways and possessing unique observational characteristics.

The post proceeds to introduce a novel approach to estimating supernova rates utilizing data from the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN), a dedicated network of telescopes designed to detect transient astronomical events. This approach, as described by Plait, leverages the survey's comprehensive sky coverage to minimize the biases associated with observing only small patches of the sky. The ASAS-SN data, according to the author, suggests a significantly higher rate of supernovae than previously estimated, with potentially hundreds of billions of these stellar explosions occurring annually across the observable universe.

Plait carefully explains that this revised estimate, while seemingly astronomical, is not entirely unexpected given the sheer number of galaxies and stars contained within the observable universe. He emphasizes the significance of these findings for our understanding of stellar evolution, galactic dynamics, and the overall cosmic landscape. The post concludes by acknowledging the ongoing research in this field and the potential for future observations to further refine our understanding of supernova rates and their implications for the universe. The author highlights the dynamic nature of scientific discovery, emphasizing that our understanding of the cosmos is constantly evolving as new data becomes available and new methodologies are developed.

Summary of Comments ( 138 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43661954

HN commenters generally expressed awe at the sheer scale of supernovae occurring in the observable universe, with some emphasizing the vastness of space this implies. Several pointed out that the article's title was misleading as it conflated observable universe numbers with those in our own galaxy, where supernovae are much rarer. One commenter highlighted the counterintuitive fact that distant supernovae, though individually fainter, are collectively brighter than those nearby due to the sheer number at those distances. There was also discussion about the accuracy of the estimates, the methodology used, and the different types of supernovae. Some users shared links to further resources and tools like a supernova simulator. A few commenters jokingly lamented the lack of easily visible supernovae from Earth.

The Hacker News post titled "Wait. HOW MANY supernova explode every year?" with the ID 43661954 has several comments discussing the surprising frequency of supernovae and the methods used to estimate them.

Several commenters express astonishment at the sheer number of supernovae occurring in the observable universe, with phrases like "mind boggling" and "absolutely insane" used. One commenter points out the vastness of space and the limitations of our observation capabilities, highlighting that we only see a small fraction of these events.

A significant thread discusses the different types of supernovae (Type Ia and core-collapse) and their respective formation mechanisms. This leads to a deeper exploration of stellar evolution, including the lifespan of stars of different masses and the eventual fates they meet. The role of white dwarfs in Type Ia supernovae is also discussed, with one commenter clarifying the distinction between novae and supernovae in this context.

There's also discussion regarding the methods astronomers use to detect and estimate the rate of supernovae, including automated surveys and the challenges of accounting for obscuration by dust and gas. One commenter mentions the use of "standard candles" like Type Ia supernovae in cosmological distance measurements and their role in the discovery of dark energy.

The challenges of defining the "observable universe" and its implications for estimating supernovae rates are also brought up. The expansion of the universe and the concept of the cosmic event horizon are mentioned, along with the idea that many supernovae are occurring beyond our observational limits.

A few commenters discuss the potential impact of a nearby supernova on Earth, considering the distances at which such an event could pose a threat. They explore the protective role of the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field.

Finally, some commenters express a sense of wonder and awe at the scale and dynamism of the universe revealed by these statistics, reflecting on the fleeting nature of cosmic events and our place within this vast cosmic tapestry. The discussion provides a glimpse into the ongoing efforts of scientists to understand these powerful events and their significance in the evolution of the cosmos.

'Sun-Like' Stars

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Posted: 2025-04-09 08:01:38

The article discusses the challenges in defining "Sun-like" stars, crucial for identifying potentially habitable exoplanets. While basic parameters like mass and temperature are a starting point, truly Sun-like characteristics also encompass age, metallicity, and magnetic activity cycles. The Sun's unusually low activity compared to similar stars is highlighted, raising questions about whether this quiescence is typical for G-type dwarfs and its implications for habitability. Ultimately, finding a truly "Sun-like" star requires a nuanced approach beyond simple categorization, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to understand the full complexity of stellar evolution and its influence on surrounding planetary systems.

Within the vast expanse of the celestial sphere, a recent discourse centered around the classification and characteristics of stars similar to our own Sun has emerged, prompting a meticulous examination of the criteria employed in such designations. The author, Paul Gilster, delves into the intricacies of defining "Sun-like," elucidating the multifaceted nature of this seemingly simple categorization. He meticulously dissects the nuances of stellar classifications, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between mere surface temperature similarities and a more comprehensive assessment that encompasses factors such as mass, metallicity (the abundance of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium), and overall evolutionary stage.

Mr. Gilster elaborates on the work of a team of researchers who have undertaken the ambitious endeavor of identifying and cataloging stars that bear a striking resemblance to our Sun, not just in terms of superficial characteristics, but also in their underlying physical properties. This pursuit, driven by the profound implications for the search for extraterrestrial life, necessitates a rigorous and discriminating methodology. The author highlights the significance of considering a star's age and its position within the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a graphical representation of stellar evolution that plots luminosity against temperature, in order to accurately assess its "Sun-likeness." He further underscores the challenges associated with this endeavor, particularly the difficulty in precisely measuring a star's mass and metallicity, factors that play a pivotal role in determining its evolutionary trajectory and, consequently, its suitability as a potential host for life-bearing planets.

Furthermore, the article explores the implications of this research for the ongoing search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), noting that a more refined understanding of Sun-like stars could significantly enhance the efficacy of targeted searches for habitable exoplanets. By focusing observational efforts on stars that truly mirror the Sun's characteristics, scientists can optimize the allocation of resources and increase the probability of detecting signs of life beyond our solar system. The author concludes by emphasizing the dynamic and evolving nature of this field of study, acknowledging the ongoing refinements in our understanding of stellar evolution and the continuous quest to unveil the secrets of our cosmic neighborhood. This pursuit, driven by the fundamental human desire to understand our place in the universe, promises to yield further insights into the prevalence and diversity of Sun-like stars and the potential for life to flourish around them.

Summary of Comments ( 11 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43629887

HN users discussed the challenges of defining "Sun-like," noting that even small variations in a star's properties can significantly impact planetary habitability. Some pointed out the difficulty in observing other stars with the same level of detail as our Sun, making comparisons inherently limited. The potential for long-term stellar variability was also highlighted, along with the fact that our understanding of stellar evolution continues to evolve, making any definition of "Sun-like" subject to revision. A few commenters mentioned the Kepler mission's contribution to identifying potentially habitable exoplanets and the ongoing search for biosignatures. Finally, there was a brief discussion of the challenges in characterizing planetary atmospheres and the possibility of non-water-based life.

The Hacker News post titled "'Sun-Like' Stars" linking to a Centauri Dreams article has generated a moderate discussion with several interesting points raised.

One commenter questions the usefulness of the term "Sun-like," arguing that it's too broad and can encompass stars with significantly different characteristics that could impact planetary habitability. They suggest that a more nuanced classification system is needed, focusing on specific stellar properties rather than a general comparison to our Sun. This comment sparked further discussion about the challenges of defining habitability and the various factors beyond just the star's type that play a role.

Another commenter highlights the importance of magnetic activity in Sun-like stars and its potential impact on orbiting planets. They mention how stellar flares and coronal mass ejections can erode planetary atmospheres and affect the development of life. This adds another layer of complexity to the search for habitable exoplanets, emphasizing the need to consider stellar activity alongside other factors.

A further comment discusses the limitations of current observational techniques in accurately determining the properties of distant stars. They point out the difficulty in measuring stellar magnetic fields and the reliance on indirect methods, which can introduce uncertainties. This raises questions about the reliability of some of the data used in classifying and comparing stars.

One commenter touches upon the vastness of the Milky Way galaxy and the sheer number of potentially habitable planets around Sun-like stars. They express a sense of awe and wonder at the possibilities, while acknowledging the challenges in finding and studying these distant worlds.

Finally, a commenter raises a philosophical point about the anthropocentric nature of the search for "Sun-like" stars and "Earth-like" planets. They suggest that focusing solely on environments similar to our own might limit the scope of discovery and that life could exist in vastly different forms around other types of stars. This prompts reflection on the assumptions underlying our search for extraterrestrial life.

These comments, taken together, provide a valuable counterpoint to the linked article by exploring the complexities and nuances involved in the search for habitable exoplanets around Sun-like stars. They highlight the ongoing challenges in defining and identifying suitable environments for life beyond Earth, while also emphasizing the exciting possibilities that lie ahead.

No Man's Sky's update introduces billions of new stars, planets, and more

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Posted: 2025-01-29 17:59:28

No Man's Sky's "Singularity" update dramatically expands the universe with billions of new stars, planets, and moons within newly generated galaxies. It introduces a new narrative focused on robotic consciousness and the mysteries of the Atlas, along with new robotic companions, enhanced visuals featuring improved lighting and shadows, revamped trading posts and settlements, and a streamlined inventory system. Players can now construct their own robotic bases and explore abandoned derelict freighters. The update also adds new starship technologies and expanded lore related to the game's overarching narrative.

Hello Games, the indefatigable developers behind the procedurally generated space exploration epic, No Man's Sky, have once again dramatically expanded the already incomprehensibly vast universe of their flagship title. In a recent announcement detailed on the official PlayStation Blog, published on January 29th, 2025, they unveiled a monumental update that introduces billions upon billions of new celestial bodies, encompassing stars, planets, and moons, effectively multiplying the already staggering scale of the game’s explorable cosmos. This expansion, far from simply adding more procedurally generated terrain, represents a fundamental shift in the underlying technology powering the game's universe generation, dubbed the "Voyager" engine.

This new engine signifies more than just an increase in quantity; it promises a qualitative leap in the diversity and richness of planetary environments. Players can anticipate encountering entirely new biomes characterized by unique flora, fauna, and atmospheric conditions, further enhancing the sense of wonder and discovery that lies at the heart of the No Man's Sky experience. The Voyager engine allows for more varied and dramatic terrain generation, including towering mountain ranges that pierce the clouds and cavernous subterranean networks ripe for exploration. Furthermore, the update introduces new and unusual planetary formations, hinting at exotic and hitherto unseen geological phenomena awaiting intrepid explorers.

Beyond the geological enhancements, the update also focuses on improving the player experience with revised inventory management and an overhauled user interface designed for improved clarity and ease of use. These refinements streamline the core gameplay loop, allowing players to spend less time managing menus and more time immersed in the game's boundless universe. Additionally, the update introduces new story content, promising engaging narratives and mysteries to unravel amidst the backdrop of the newly expanded cosmos. Players can embark on fresh expeditions, encounter unique characters, and delve deeper into the lore and secrets of the No Man's Sky universe.

This latest update represents yet another significant step in the ongoing evolution of No Man's Sky, a testament to Hello Games' continued commitment to expanding and refining the game years after its initial release. The introduction of billions of new stars and planets, coupled with the advancements brought by the Voyager engine and the refined player experience, promises to revitalize the exploration experience and draw players back into the awe-inspiring vastness of this ever-evolving digital cosmos. It invites both seasoned veterans and newcomers alike to embark on new adventures, uncover hidden wonders, and lose themselves in the seemingly infinite expanse of No Man's Sky's revitalized universe.

Summary of Comments ( 82 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42868618

Hacker News commenters generally expressed cautious optimism and some cynicism towards No Man's Sky's "Fractal" update. Several users highlighted the game's history of overpromising and underdelivering at launch, questioning whether this update would genuinely offer substantial new content or simply be another visually impressive but shallow addition. Some praised the developers' perseverance and ongoing support for the game, acknowledging its significant improvements since release. Others debated the technical feasibility and meaningfulness of generating "billions" of planets, with some suggesting it's primarily a marketing tactic. A few users expressed excitement about the prospect of exploring new, more varied planetary environments and the potential for enhanced gameplay. There was also discussion about procedural generation techniques and the limitations inherent in creating truly unique experiences within such a vast, procedurally generated universe.

The Hacker News post discussing the No Man's Sky update titled "No Man's Sky's update introduces billions of new stars, planets, and more" has generated several comments, mostly expressing positive sentiment towards the game's ongoing development and the scale of the new "Fractal" update.

Several commenters praise Hello Games, the developers, for their persistence and commitment to improving and expanding No Man's Sky since its controversial launch. One comment highlights the impressive turnaround the game has made, going from a source of disappointment to a highly-regarded example of a developer listening to and acting on player feedback. This sentiment is echoed by others who commend the "redemption arc" of the game.

A few comments dive into the technical aspects of the update, with one user questioning the feasibility of adding "billions" of new stars and planets, speculating about procedural generation and its limitations. Another comment responds by explaining that the update utilizes a new method of generating terrain, allowing for more varied and interesting planets, rather than simply increasing the raw number of celestial bodies. This discussion touches on the balance between scale and meaningful content.

Another recurring theme is the scale of the game itself, with users expressing awe at the vastness of the procedurally generated universe and the seemingly endless possibilities for exploration. Some comments reflect a sense of wonder and a desire to revisit the game or start playing for the first time, sparked by the update's promise of a richer and more diverse experience.

Some users humorously acknowledge the overwhelming scale, pointing out the absurdity of exploring even a small fraction of the game's universe. One comment jokes about the sheer number of planets still awaiting discovery even after extensive playtime.

There's also a discussion about the effectiveness of the game's marketing, with one user suggesting that the update is not receiving enough attention. Another user counters by highlighting the regular stream of positive coverage No Man's Sky receives, suggesting the marketing strategy is working well within the game's niche.

Overall, the comments reflect a largely positive reception to the update, praising Hello Games' dedication, the expanded scope of the game, and the sense of wonder it evokes. There's also a healthy dose of realistic commentary about the limitations of procedural generation and the sheer scale of the game world.

Sky-scanning complete for Gaia

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Posted: 2025-01-15 09:43:03

After over a decade, ESA's Gaia space telescope has completed its primary mission of scanning the sky. Gaia has now mapped nearly two billion stars in the Milky Way and beyond, providing unprecedented details on their positions, motions, brightness, and other properties. This immense dataset will be crucial for understanding the formation, evolution, and structure of our galaxy. While Gaia continues observations on an extended mission, the core sky survey that forms the foundation for future astronomical research is now finished.

The European Space Agency's Gaia mission, a groundbreaking astrometry project dedicated to creating the most comprehensive and precise three-dimensional map of our Milky Way galaxy, has officially concluded its primary sky-scanning operations. After diligently collecting data for over a decade, beginning in December 2013, Gaia has now ceased its continuous and systematic sweeps of the celestial sphere. This marks a significant milestone in the ambitious undertaking, as the satellite has far surpassed its original operational timeline, originally slated for a five-year mission. The wealth of information gathered by Gaia during this extended period includes precise measurements of the positions, distances, motions, and physical properties (such as brightness, temperature, and chemical composition) of nearly two billion stars within our galaxy, representing approximately 1% of the Milky Way's estimated stellar population.

This intricate dataset not only provides an unprecedentedly detailed view of the Milky Way's current structure but also allows scientists to reconstruct its past evolutionary history and project its future trajectory. By meticulously tracking the movements of stars, Gaia data enables researchers to delve into the complex dynamics of the galaxy, including its rotation, spiral arms, and the distribution of dark matter. Moreover, the mission has cataloged a vast array of other celestial objects, including asteroids within our own solar system, distant quasars, and galaxies beyond our own.

While active sky-scanning operations have concluded, Gaia continues to perform supplementary observations, targeted at specific regions or phenomena of interest. The final data release, anticipated in 2025, will represent the culmination of this extensive survey, providing an invaluable resource for astronomers and astrophysicists for decades to come, furthering our understanding of the cosmos and our place within it. The image accompanying the announcement depicts an artist's impression of the Gaia spacecraft against the backdrop of a swirling tapestry of stars and galactic dust, symbolizing the vastness and complexity of the Milky Way that Gaia has so diligently charted.

Summary of Comments ( 16 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42709105

HN commenters generally expressed awe and appreciation for the Gaia mission and the sheer amount of data it has collected. Some discussed the technical challenges of the project, particularly regarding data processing and the complexity of star movements. Others highlighted the scientific implications, including improving our understanding of the Milky Way's structure, dark matter distribution, and stellar evolution. A few commenters speculated about potential discoveries hidden within the dataset, such as undiscovered stellar objects or insights into galactic dynamics. Several linked to resources like Gaia Sky, a 3D visualization software, allowing users to explore the data themselves. There was also discussion about the future of Gaia and the potential for even more precise measurements in future missions.

The Hacker News post titled "Sky-scanning complete for Gaia" has generated several comments discussing the implications and significance of the Gaia mission completing its sky scanning phase.

Several commenters expressed awe and appreciation for the sheer scale and precision of the Gaia data. One commenter highlighted the mind-boggling number of celestial objects observed, emphasizing the vastness of the Milky Way galaxy. Another pointed out the impressive accuracy of Gaia's measurements, comparing the precision to measuring the width of a human hair from thousands of kilometers away. The sentiment of gratitude towards the ESA and the scientists involved in the project was also prevalent.

A few comments delved into the scientific implications of the data. One user discussed the potential for discovering new insights into the structure, formation, and evolution of the Milky Way galaxy. Another commenter mentioned the possibility of identifying previously unknown stellar streams and clusters, which could shed light on the history of galactic mergers. Someone also touched upon the potential for Gaia data to improve our understanding of dark matter distribution within the galaxy.

There was a discussion about the technical challenges involved in processing and analyzing the massive dataset generated by Gaia. One comment mentioned the complexity of handling the sheer volume of data, while another highlighted the need for sophisticated algorithms to extract meaningful information from the measurements. The availability of the data for public access and its potential use by amateur astronomers and researchers worldwide was also appreciated.

Some users expressed curiosity about specific aspects of the mission, such as the spacecraft's orbit and the types of instruments used for data collection. A commenter also inquired about the future plans for Gaia and whether any further extensions of the mission were being considered.

Overall, the comments reflect a sense of excitement and anticipation for the scientific discoveries that will likely emerge from the Gaia data. The commenters acknowledge the monumental achievement of the mission and express their eagerness to explore the wealth of information it has provided about our galaxy.

Designing a Star Tracker for Astronaut Don Pettit to Use on the ISS

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Posted: 2025-01-14 18:31:55

This article details the creation of a custom star tracker for astronaut Don Pettit to capture stunning images of star trails and other celestial phenomena from the International Space Station (ISS). Engineer Jas Williams collaborated with Pettit to design a barn-door tracker that could withstand the ISS's unique environment and operate with Pettit's existing camera equipment. Key challenges included compensating for the ISS's rapid orbit, mitigating vibrations, and ensuring the device was safe and functional in zero gravity. The resulting tracker employed stepper motors, custom-machined parts, and open-source Arduino code, enabling Pettit to take breathtaking long-exposure photographs of the Earth and cosmos.

This PetaPixel article details the fascinating process of designing and building a custom star tracker for astronaut Don Pettit, enabling him to capture stunning astrophotography images from the unique vantage point of the International Space Station (ISS). The project originated from Pettit's desire to create breathtaking images of star trails, showcasing the Earth's rotation against the backdrop of the cosmos. Conventional star trackers, designed for terrestrial use, were unsuitable for the ISS environment due to factors like vibrations from the station's systems and the rapid orbital speed, which presents a different set of tracking challenges compared to Earth-based astrophotography.

Driven by this need, a collaborative effort involving Pettit, engineer Jaspal Chadha, and a team at the Johnson Space Center commenced. They embarked on designing a specialized star tracker dubbed the "Barn Door Tracker," referencing its resemblance to a traditional barn door. This ingenious device employs two plates connected by a hinge, with one plate fixed to the ISS and the other housing the camera. A carefully calibrated screw mechanism allows for precise adjustment of the angle between the plates, enabling the tracker to compensate for the ISS's orbital motion and keep the camera locked onto the stars.

The design process was iterative and involved meticulous calculations to determine the required tracking rate and the optimal screw pitch for the hinge mechanism. The team also had to consider the constraints of the ISS environment, including limited resources and the need for a compact and easily operable device. Furthermore, the tracker had to be robust enough to withstand the vibrations and temperature fluctuations experienced on the ISS.

The Barn Door Tracker's construction involved utilizing readily available materials and components, further highlighting the ingenuity of the project. Testing and refinement were conducted on Earth, simulating the conditions of the ISS to ensure its effectiveness. Once finalized, the tracker was transported to the ISS, where Pettit put it to use, capturing mesmerizing star trail images that showcased the beauty of the cosmos from an unparalleled perspective. The article highlights the unique challenges and innovative solutions involved in creating a specialized piece of equipment for space-based astrophotography, showcasing the intersection of scientific ingenuity and artistic pursuit in the extreme environment of the ISS. The successful deployment and operation of the Barn Door Tracker not only facilitated Pettit's artistic endeavors but also demonstrated the potential for adaptable and resourcefully designed tools in space exploration.

Summary of Comments ( 3 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42701645

Hacker News users generally expressed admiration for Don Pettit's ingenuity and "hacker" spirit, highlighting his ability to create a functional star tracker with limited resources while aboard the ISS. Several commenters appreciated the detailed explanation of the design process and the challenges overcome, such as dealing with vibration and thermal variations. Some discussed the technical aspects, including the choice of sensors and the use of stepper motors. A few pointed out the irony of needing a custom-built star tracker on a space station supposedly packed with sophisticated equipment, reflecting on the limitations sometimes imposed by bureaucracy and pre-planned missions. Others reminisced about previous "MacGyver" moments in space exploration.

The Hacker News post "Designing a Star Tracker for Astronaut Don Pettit to Use on the ISS" has generated several comments, discussing various aspects of the project and Don Pettit's ingenuity.

Several commenters praise Don Pettit's resourcefulness and "hacker" spirit, highlighting his ability to create tools and conduct experiments with limited resources in the unique environment of the ISS. They appreciate his commitment to scientific exploration and his willingness to improvise solutions. One commenter specifically refers to Pettit as a "MacGyver in space," encapsulating this sentiment.

A thread discusses the challenges of astrophotography from the ISS, focusing on the difficulties posed by the station's movement and vibration. Commenters explore the technical intricacies of compensating for these factors, including the importance of precise tracking and stabilization. The original design of the "barn door tracker" and its limitations are also discussed, along with the advancements achieved with the newer, electronically controlled tracker.

Another commenter notes the interesting detail about using parts from a Russian cosmonaut's treadmill for the barn door tracker, further illustrating the improvisational nature of work on the ISS. This anecdote sparks a brief discussion about the collaborative environment on the station, where astronauts and cosmonauts from different nations work together and share resources.

Some comments delve into the technical specifics of the star tracker, discussing the choice of motors, control systems, and the challenges of operating equipment in the harsh conditions of space. The use of off-the-shelf components versus custom-designed parts is also touched upon.

Finally, a few commenters express their admiration for the ingenuity and dedication of the individuals involved in designing and building the star tracker, acknowledging the complexities of creating a device that can function reliably in such a demanding environment. They also appreciate the opportunity to learn about the behind-the-scenes challenges and solutions involved in space exploration.

Stories with Tag stars

Wait. HOW MANY supernova explode every year?

Summary of Comments ( 138 ) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43661954

'Sun-Like' Stars

Summary of Comments ( 11 ) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43629887

No Man's Sky's update introduces billions of new stars, planets, and more

Summary of Comments ( 82 ) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42868618

Sky-scanning complete for Gaia

Summary of Comments ( 16 ) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42709105

Designing a Star Tracker for Astronaut Don Pettit to Use on the ISS

Summary of Comments ( 3 ) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42701645

Summary of Comments ( 138 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43661954

Summary of Comments ( 11 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43629887

Summary of Comments ( 82 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42868618

Summary of Comments ( 16 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42709105

Summary of Comments ( 3 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42701645