London's Heathrow Airport experienced a complete shutdown due to a major power outage on March 20, 2025. All flights were grounded, impacting both arrivals and departures. The outage caused significant disruption, with thousands of passengers stranded and flights diverted to other airports. Airport authorities worked to restore power and resume operations as quickly as possible, but the incident's cause remained under investigation.
This 1986 paper explores representing the complex British Nationality Act 1981 as a Prolog program. It demonstrates how Prolog's declarative nature and built-in inference mechanisms can effectively encode the Act's intricate rules regarding citizenship acquisition and loss. The authors translate legal definitions of British citizenship, descent, and residency into Prolog clauses, showcasing the potential of logic programming to represent and reason with legal statutes. While acknowledging the limitations of this initial attempt, such as simplifying certain aspects of the Act and handling time-dependent clauses, the paper highlights the potential of using Prolog for legal expert systems and automated legal reasoning. It ultimately serves as an early exploration of applying computational logic to the domain of law.
Hacker News users discussed the ingenuity of representing the British Nationality Act as a Prolog program, highlighting the elegance of Prolog for handling complex logic and legal rules. Some expressed nostalgia for the era's focus on symbolic AI and rule-based systems. Others debated the practicality and maintainability of such an approach for real-world legal applications, citing the potential difficulty of updating and debugging the code as laws change. The discussion also touched on the broader implications of encoding law in a computationally interpretable format, considering the benefits for automated legal reasoning and the potential risks of bias and misinterpretation. Some users shared their own experiences with Prolog and other logic programming languages, and pondered the reasons for their decline in popularity despite their inherent strengths for certain problem domains.
Apple is challenging a UK court order demanding they create a "backdoor" into an encrypted iPhone belonging to a suspected terrorist. They argue that complying would compromise the security of all their devices and set a dangerous precedent globally, potentially forcing them to create similar backdoors for other governments. Apple claims the Investigatory Powers Act, under which the order was issued, doesn't authorize such demands and violates their human rights. They're seeking judicial review of the order, arguing existing tools are sufficient for the investigation.
HN commenters are largely skeptical of Apple's claims, pointing out that Apple already complies with lawful intercept requests in other countries and questioning whether this case is truly about a "backdoor" or simply about the scope and process of existing surveillance capabilities. Some suspect Apple is using this lawsuit as a PR move to bolster its privacy image, especially given the lack of technical details provided. Others suggest Apple is trying to establish legal precedent to push back against increasing government surveillance overreach. A few commenters express concern over the UK's Investigatory Powers Act and its implications for privacy and security. Several highlight the inherent conflict between national security and individual privacy, with no easy answers in sight. There's also discussion about the technical feasibility and potential risks of implementing such a system, including the possibility of it being exploited by malicious actors.
Beavers, a keystone species vital for biodiversity and ecosystem health, are making a comeback across Britain after centuries of extinction. Their dam-building creates wetlands that benefit a wide range of other wildlife, improve water quality, and mitigate flooding and drought. While some landowners express concerns about potential impacts on land management, ongoing projects demonstrate how to successfully reintroduce beavers while addressing these challenges. The Wildlife Trusts highlight the growing recognition of the crucial role beavers play in restoring natural processes and creating a more resilient landscape.
HN commenters generally express support for beaver reintroduction, citing their positive ecological impact through water management, habitat creation, and wildfire mitigation. Some raise practical concerns, including the potential for beaver dams to cause flooding or damage property, and the need for careful management and public education to minimize conflicts. A few commenters share personal anecdotes about beaver encounters, highlighting both their industriousness and the challenges they can pose. Several discuss the importance of considering the full ecosystem and potential unintended consequences before intervening, with one suggesting beavers could exacerbate issues with invasive plant species. Another user points out the crucial role of keystone species and how their absence can have cascading negative effects on the environment. A thread explores the history of beaver trapping and its impact on North American landscapes.
Bipartisan U.S. lawmakers are expressing concern over a proposed U.K. surveillance law that would compel tech companies like Apple to compromise the security of their encrypted messaging systems. They argue that creating a "back door" for U.K. law enforcement would weaken security globally, putting Americans' data at risk and setting a dangerous precedent for other countries to demand similar access. This, they claim, would ultimately undermine encryption, a crucial tool for protecting sensitive information from criminals and hostile governments, and empower authoritarian regimes.
HN commenters are skeptical of the "threat to Americans" angle, pointing out that the UK and US already share significant intelligence data, and that a UK backdoor would likely be accessible to the US as well. Some suggest the real issue is Apple resisting government access to data, and that the article frames this as a UK vs. US issue to garner more attention. Others question the technical feasibility and security implications of such a backdoor, arguing it would create a significant vulnerability exploitable by malicious actors. Several highlight the hypocrisy of US lawmakers complaining about a UK backdoor while simultaneously pushing for similar capabilities themselves. Finally, some commenters express broader concerns about the erosion of privacy and the increasing surveillance powers of governments.
The UK government is pushing for a new law, the Investigatory Powers Act, that would compel tech companies like Apple to remove security features, including end-to-end encryption, if deemed necessary for national security investigations. This would effectively create a backdoor, allowing government access to user data without their knowledge or consent. Apple argues that this undermines user privacy and security, making everyone more vulnerable to hackers and authoritarian regimes. The law faces strong opposition from privacy advocates and tech experts who warn of its potential for abuse and chilling effects on free speech.
HN commenters express skepticism about the UK government's claims regarding the necessity of this order for national security, with several pointing out the hypocrisy of demanding backdoors while simultaneously promoting end-to-end encryption for their own communications. Some suggest this move is a dangerous precedent that could embolden other authoritarian regimes. Technical feasibility is also questioned, with some arguing that creating such a backdoor is impossible without compromising security for everyone. Others discuss the potential legal challenges Apple might pursue and the broader implications for user privacy globally. A few commenters raise concerns about the chilling effect this could have on whistleblowers and journalists.
A UK gambler, identified as Chris, lost £270,000 over ten years due to manipulative marketing practices by Betfair, including “free bet” offers and personalized promotions that exploited his gambling addiction. Despite Chris expressing suicidal thoughts and self-excluding himself multiple times, Betfair continued to target him with inducements to gamble, which the UK Gambling Commission deemed unlawful. This targeted marketing contributed to Chris’s substantial financial losses and prolonged his addiction, highlighting the predatory nature of some gambling companies' tactics. The case underscores the need for stronger regulations to protect vulnerable individuals from exploitative marketing within the gambling industry.
Hacker News commenters largely express sympathy for the gambler and outrage at the predatory practices of betting companies. Several highlight the manipulative nature of "free bet" offers and the insidious design of gambling apps to maximize engagement and spending. Some discuss the effectiveness of self-exclusion lists and the need for stricter regulation of the gambling industry, including advertising restrictions and affordability checks. Others point to the broader societal issue of addiction, suggesting parallels with other industries like social media and fast food, which similarly exploit psychological vulnerabilities. A few commenters offer personal anecdotes of gambling addiction and recovery, emphasizing the devastating impact it can have on individuals and families. The overall sentiment is one of strong disapproval of the gambling industry's tactics and a call for greater protection of vulnerable individuals.
The UK has a peculiar concentration of small, highly profitable, often family-owned businesses—"micro behemoths"—that dominate niche global markets. These companies, typically with 10-100 employees and revenues exceeding £10 million, thrive due to specialized expertise, long-term focus, and aversion to rapid growth or outside investment. They prioritize profitability over scale, often operating under the radar and demonstrating remarkable resilience in the face of economic downturns. This "hidden economy" forms a significant, yet often overlooked, contributor to British economic strength, showcasing a unique model of business success.
HN commenters generally praised the article for its clear explanation of the complexities of the UK's semiconductor industry, particularly surrounding Arm. Several highlighted the geopolitical implications of Arm's dependence on global markets and the precarious position this puts the UK in. Some questioned the framing of Arm as a "British" company, given its global ownership and reach. Others debated the wisdom of Nvidia's attempted acquisition and the subsequent IPO, with opinions split on the long-term consequences for Arm's future. A few pointed out the article's omission of details regarding specific chip designs and technical advancements, suggesting this would have enriched the narrative. Some commenters also offered further context, such as the role of Hermann Hauser and Acorn Computers in Arm's origins, or discussed the specific challenges faced by smaller British semiconductor companies.
UK electricity bills are high due to a confluence of factors. Wholesale gas prices, heavily influencing electricity generation costs, have surged globally. The UK's reliance on gas-fired power plants exacerbates this impact. Government policies, including carbon taxes and renewable energy subsidies, add further costs, although their contribution is often overstated. Network costs, covering infrastructure maintenance and upgrades, also play a significant role. While renewable energy sources like wind and solar have lower operating costs, the upfront investment and intermittency require system balancing with gas, limiting their immediate impact on overall prices.
HN commenters generally agree that UK electricity bills are high due to a confluence of factors. Several point to the increased reliance on natural gas, exacerbated by the war in Ukraine, as a primary driver. Others highlight the UK's "green levies" adding to the cost, though there's debate about their overall impact. Some argue that the privatization of the energy market has led to inefficiency and profiteering, while others criticize the government's handling of the energy crisis. The lack of sufficient investment in nuclear energy and other alternatives is also mentioned as a contributing factor to the high prices. A few commenters offer comparisons to other European countries, noting that while prices are high across Europe, the UK seems particularly affected. Finally, the inherent inefficiencies of relying on intermittent renewable energy sources are also brought up.
Summary of Comments ( 87 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43431567
Hacker News users discuss the plausibility and potential causes of Heathrow's complete shutdown due to a power outage. Some question the lack of redundancy in a major airport's power system, speculating about cyberattacks or the impact of cost-cutting measures. Others highlight the cascading effects of such an outage, including flight disruptions, stranded passengers, and economic consequences. Several commenters with aviation or infrastructure experience offer insights into the complexities of airport power systems and the challenges of maintaining robust backup solutions. A few express skepticism about the official explanation, suggesting a deeper, undisclosed issue may be at play. Overall, the comments reflect a mixture of surprise, concern, and technical analysis regarding the vulnerability of critical infrastructure.
The Hacker News post titled "London's Heathrow Airport announces complete shutdown due to power outage" (linking to a CNN article about a hypothetical shutdown in 2025) has several comments discussing the plausibility and implications of such an event.
Several commenters express skepticism about the realism of the scenario presented in the CNN article. One points out the redundancy measures in place at major airports like Heathrow, designed specifically to prevent complete shutdowns due to power failures. They mention backup generators and multiple power feeds as examples. Another commenter questions the lack of detail in the article regarding the cause of such a widespread outage, suggesting that a simple power failure shouldn't cripple the entire airport.
The discussion also turns to the potential consequences of a complete Heathrow shutdown. One commenter highlights the massive disruption to air travel, not just in London but globally, given Heathrow's role as a major international hub. The cascading effects on connecting flights and passenger itineraries are mentioned as a significant concern. Another commenter speculates about the economic impact, considering the losses to airlines, businesses dependent on air travel, and the broader tourism industry.
Some commenters discuss the potential security implications of such an event. One raises the concern about the vulnerability of a major airport during a shutdown, particularly regarding passenger safety and baggage handling.
A few comments delve into the technical aspects of airport power systems, with one commenter suggesting that the scenario described in the article might indicate a cyberattack rather than a simple power failure.
Finally, some commenters use the hypothetical scenario as a jumping-off point to discuss broader issues of infrastructure resilience and the potential for cascading failures in complex systems. They question the preparedness of critical infrastructure to withstand large-scale disruptions and advocate for greater investment in redundancy and preventative measures.