This study investigates the physiological mechanism behind altered states of consciousness (ASCs) induced by breathwork practices. Researchers found that voluntary hypoventilation, a common feature of many breathwork techniques, leads to significant decreases in end-tidal CO2 levels. This hypocapnia, combined with increased cerebral blood flow velocity, was strongly correlated with the intensity of reported ASCs, such as feelings of unity, bliss, and disembodiment. The study suggests that CO2 reduction in the blood, rather than changes in oxygen levels, is the primary driver of these subjective experiences during breathwork, providing a potential biological explanation for the reported effects of these practices.
This 2021 blog post argues against prematurely optimizing code for performance, using the analogy of a free diver holding their pee to dive deeper. While holding your pee might offer a tiny perceived advantage in the short term, it's ultimately detrimental to your overall performance and can even be harmful. Similarly, micro-optimizations early in a project often add complexity, make the code harder to understand and maintain, and ultimately hinder progress toward larger, more impactful optimizations later on. Focus on writing clean, clear code first and address performance bottlenecks only when they become a proven problem, allowing for more effective and impactful optimization strategies when they are actually needed.
Hacker News users discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of intentionally dehydrating for freediving, as described in the linked article. Some express skepticism about the practice, citing potential health risks and questioning the claimed performance gains. Others share anecdotes of unintentionally experiencing similar effects due to pre-dive nervousness or limited access to fluids. The validity of the "mammalian diving reflex" and its role in freediving is also debated, with some users pointing out its limitations and emphasizing the importance of proper training and safety precautions. A few commenters highlight the ethical considerations of promoting potentially dangerous practices, particularly to novice freedivers. Overall, the discussion reveals a mixed reception to the article's central premise.
Summary of Comments ( 133 )
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43695093
HN users discuss the study's small sample size and lack of controls, questioning its statistical significance and the potential influence of the Wim Hof Method instructor's presence. Some highlight the possibility of hyperventilation inducing the altered states of consciousness, rather than solely decreased CO2. Others suggest alternative explanations like placebo effect, the power of suggestion, and the meditative aspect of the practice. Several commenters express interest in further research with larger, more rigorous studies to explore the correlation between CO2 levels, breathwork, and altered states. Finally, some users share personal anecdotal experiences with breathwork and the associated sensations.
The Hacker News post titled "Decreased CO2 during breathwork: emergence of altered states of consciousness" (linking to a Nature article about the physiological effects of breathwork) sparked a moderate discussion with a mix of skeptical and intrigued commenters.
Several users questioned the novelty of the findings. One pointed out that the effects of hypocapnia (low CO2 levels) on consciousness have been long known, citing examples like hyperventilation inducing dizziness and lightheadedness. Another commenter expressed skepticism towards framing this as a scientific "discovery," suggesting that the practice and its effects have been understood for centuries within various spiritual traditions. They implied the research merely provided a scientific explanation for pre-existing knowledge.
Some users focused on the methodology and interpretation of the study. One comment questioned the self-reported nature of the altered states of consciousness, suggesting the possibility of placebo effects or suggestibility influencing the results. Another questioned whether the study adequately controlled for other factors like hypoxia (low oxygen) that could also contribute to altered states of consciousness. This user suggested that the study should have included measurements of blood oxygen levels alongside CO2 levels to draw clearer conclusions.
Others offered personal anecdotes and practical insights. One user shared their experience with the Wim Hof method (a popular breathwork technique), noting the intense physical sensations and altered states they experienced, aligning with the study's findings. This commenter highlighted the importance of proper guidance and cautioned against unsupervised practice. Another user, identifying as a free diver, discussed the physiological adaptations and conscious control of breathing employed in their sport, suggesting the observed effects are related to the body's natural response to breath manipulation.
A few commenters explored the potential applications and implications of the research. One suggested further investigation into the therapeutic potential of breathwork for managing anxiety and other psychological conditions. Another user speculated about the evolutionary basis for these physiological responses, proposing that they might be related to ancient survival mechanisms.
In summary, the comments section reflects a cautious but interested reception to the research. Many acknowledge the well-established link between altered breathing patterns and consciousness, while others emphasize the need for more rigorous studies and a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay of physiological and psychological factors. The discussion also highlights the practical relevance of the research, exploring potential applications and personal experiences related to breathwork and its effects.